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Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,England,UK,British,English,loom,textiles,weavingshed,factory,machinery,machine,yarn,warp,weft,cloth,fabric,production,engineering,mechanical,industrialrevolution,Lancs,loomroom,weavingroom,beltdrive,lineshaft,overheadshafts,steamage,victorian,edwardian,twentiethcentury,millinterior,historic,heritage,preserved,museum
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2R55JBA - The large cylindrical beam wrapped with white yarn at the front is the warp beam, supplying thousands of parallel warp threads.
The machines are arranged in long, tightly packed rows, typical of weaving sheds rather than spinning rooms.
Overhead line-shafting and belt drives powered each loom individually.
The overall layout is wide, open and repetitive, designed for one weaver to supervise multiple looms.
This immediately distinguishes it from:
Spinning mules (which have moving carriages)
Ring frames (vertical spindles, no warp beam)
Carding or drawing machines (shorter, bulkier units)
What the loom did
A Lancashire power loom:
Took warp yarn from the beam
Inserted weft yarn across it (by shuttle in older looms)
Interlaced warp and weft to produce woven cloth
Wound the finished fabric onto a cloth roller
This was the final major stage of cotton manufacture, after carding, drawing and spinning.
Why this is classic Lancashire
Power looms dominated towns such as Burnley, Blackburn, Accrington, Chorley and Preston
Lancashire specialised in mass cotton weaving, often more than spinning
Sheds were built with:
North-light roofs for even daylight
Open floors to manage noise, heat and lint
A single weaver, often a woman, might operate four or more looms simultaneously
In short
This image shows Lancashire cotton power looms in a weaving shed, producing woven cloth from spun yarn.
It represents the end stage of the cotton process and one of the most recognisable interiors of Britain's industrial textile past. This image shows a row of historic cotton power looms inside a Lancashire weaving shed, a setting that became synonymous with mass textile production during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Power looms were used to weave spun cotton yarn into finished cloth by interlacing warp threads, drawn from the large beams visible in the foreground, with weft yarn carried across the loom.
The looms are arranged in long, uniform rows
--a-core-piece-of-Lancashire-cotton-mill-machinery-in-a-cotton-mill-2R55JBG.jpg)
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,England,UK,British,English,cardingmachine,textile,textiles,manufacturing,factory,spinning,fibre,fibers,engineering,mechanical,belt,pulleys,rollers,drums,Lancs,PlattBrothers,Oldham,Bolton,Blackburn,Burnley,Preston,northwestengland,britishindustry,heritage,historic,museum,preserved,victorian,edwardian,steamage,powertransmission,lineshaft,beltdrive
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2R55JBG - The large central drum is the main carding cylinder, which rotates at speed.
The multiple small pulleys around the side are part of the belt-driven transmission, typical of Lancashire mills using line-shaft power from overhead shafts.
The wooden casing (often polished hardwood) is characteristic of British carding engines, both for protection and to reduce lint escape.
Surrounding rollers and covers would have worked with:
the licker-in (to open raw cotton),
worker and stripper rollers (to disentangle fibres),
and the doffer (to remove the aligned fibre web).
What it did in the cotton process
This machine sat early in the cotton production line:
Raw cotton arrived compressed and dirty
It was opened and cleaned (blow room machinery)
Carding engine aligned the fibres into a continuous web
The web was condensed into sliver, ready for drawing and spinning
Without carding, spinning simply did not work properly.
Why it's so Lancashire
Carding engines were ubiquitous in Lancashire mills (Oldham, Bolton, Blackburn, Burnley, Preston).
British makers such as Platt Brothers of Oldham dominated this machinery worldwide.
The heavy iron castings, belt drives, and polished woodwork are textbook North-West England mill engineering.
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,England,UK,British,English,Manchester,made,by,textile machinery,industrial measuring instrument,J Nesbitt,textile testing,industrial heritage,mechanical gauge,industry,textile industry,yarn testing,cotton industry,industrial instrument,pressure gauge,dial gauge,mechanical engineering,historic factory,Victorian industry,early 20th century,manufacturing history,Lancashire cotton,black and white,industrial detail,heritage machinery,calibration device,cotton,material,fabric
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2R55JCC - This image shows a Hank strength tester, a specialised industrial testing instrument manufactured by J Nesbitt of Manchester, a city historically at the heart of Britain's textile and cotton industries. The machine features a circular analogue dial gauge marked with measurement increments, connected to a system of levers and mechanical arms designed to apply controlled tension to yarn or thread samples.
Hank strength testers were used in textile mills and laboratories to assess the tensile strength of yarn, helping manufacturers maintain consistent quality in spinning and weaving processes. The visible maker's marking J Nesbitt, Manchester situates the machine firmly within the industrial heritage of Lancashire, where precision engineering supported large-scale textile production during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
The photograph is presented in black and white, emphasising surface textures, wear, and patina on the metal components. Scratches, oxidisation, and softened edges suggest long-term industrial use, reinforcing the authenticity of the object as working machinery rather than a pristine museum exhibit. The exposed mechanical linkage and weight system reflect the practical, robust design typical of early industrial measuring devices.
Images like this are commonly used to illustrate themes of industrial history, textile manufacturing, mechanical engineering, heritage machinery, and the evolution of quality control in manufacturing. The Hank strength tester stands as a reminder of Manchester's global significance during the Industrial Revolution and the skilled engineering that underpinned its dominance in textile production.
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,England,UK,British,English,Manchester,made,by,textile machinery,industrial measuring instrument,J Nesbitt,textile testing,industrial heritage,mechanical gauge,industry,textile industry,yarn testing,cotton industry,industrial instrument,pressure gauge,dial gauge,mechanical engineering,historic factory,Victorian industry,early 20th century,manufacturing history,Lancashire cotton,black and white,industrial detail,heritage machinery,calibration device,cotton,material,fabric
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2R55JCJ - This image shows a Hank strength tester, a specialised industrial testing instrument manufactured by J Nesbitt of Manchester, a city historically at the heart of Britain's textile and cotton industries. The machine features a circular analogue dial gauge marked with measurement increments, connected to a system of levers and mechanical arms designed to apply controlled tension to yarn or thread samples.
Hank strength testers were used in textile mills and laboratories to assess the tensile strength of yarn, helping manufacturers maintain consistent quality in spinning and weaving processes. The visible maker's marking J Nesbitt, Manchester situates the machine firmly within the industrial heritage of Lancashire, where precision engineering supported large-scale textile production during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
The photograph is presented in black and white, emphasising surface textures, wear, and patina on the metal components. Scratches, oxidisation, and softened edges suggest long-term industrial use, reinforcing the authenticity of the object as working machinery rather than a pristine museum exhibit. The exposed mechanical linkage and weight system reflect the practical, robust design typical of early industrial measuring devices.
Images like this are commonly used to illustrate themes of industrial history, textile manufacturing, mechanical engineering, heritage machinery, and the evolution of quality control in manufacturing. The Hank strength tester stands as a reminder of Manchester's global significance during the Industrial Revolution and the skilled engineering that underpinned its dominance in textile production.
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,England,UK,British,English,industrial poster,textile mill,Lancashire cotton industry,mill regulations,19th century labour,historic notice,mill workers,Haslingden,Rossendale,Lancashire mills,cotton spinning,industrial revolution,child labour,factory discipline poster,workplace control,fines and punishments,timekeeping rules,employer authority,Victorian typography,black and white document,social history,labour history,working class life,documentary photography,editorial image,UK heritage,cotton,factories,trade union,trade,unions
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2R55JD7 - This image shows a Victorian industrial poster headed Rules to be Observed in This Mill, issued in Haslingden, Lancashire, during the mid-19th century. The document sets out a detailed list of rules governing the behaviour, timekeeping, and conduct of workers employed in a textile mill, reflecting the highly disciplined nature of factory life during Britain's Industrial Revolution.
The rules include fines for lateness, talking, leaving machinery unattended, damaging equipment, or disobeying overseers, illustrating the rigid control exercised by mill owners over their workforce. Such notices were commonly displayed in cotton mills across Lancashire, where large numbers of men, women, and children were employed in spinning and weaving under demanding conditions.
The dense typography, formal language, and hierarchical tone of the poster convey the power imbalance between employers and workers in Victorian industrial society. References to overseers, deductions from wages, and dismissal for misconduct provide valuable insight into the everyday realities of 19th-century labour relations before the introduction of modern employment rights and health and safety protections.
Haslingden, located in the Rossendale Valley, was an important centre of the Lancashire cotton industry, and documents like this form a key part of the region's industrial heritage. Today, such posters are studied as primary sources for understanding social history, labour reform, and the lived experience of factory workers during Britain's transformation into an industrial nation.
This image is well suited to editorial use covering the Industrial Revolution, labour history, Victorian Britain, social inequality, textile manufacturing, and the historical development of workplace regulation in the UK.
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,textile,Lancs,England,UK,English,mills,Cottonopolis,manufacture,Mill,Burnley,history,tourism,steam,powered,mill,BB10,NW,North West,Harle Syke,Briercliffe,BB10 2HX,Lancashire,cloth,manufacturing,cotton,room,a,flying,shuttle,Victorian,mechanical,machinery,automation,factory,system,weaving,reed
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2PMKE19 -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,textile,Lancs,England,UK,English,mills,Cottonopolis,manufacture,Mill,Burnley,history,tourism,steam,powered,mill,BB10,NW,North West,Harle Syke,Briercliffe,BB10 2HX,Lancashire,cloth,manufacturing,cotton,room,a,flying,shuttle,Victorian,mechanical,machinery,automation,factory,system
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2PMKE1C -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,textile,Lancs,England,UK,English,mills,Cottonopolis,manufacture,Mill,Burnley,history,tourism,steam,powered,weaving,mill,reed,cotton,factory,system,automation,machinery,Victorian,Briercliffe,BB10 2HX,Lancashire,Harle Syke,North West,NW,BB10,machines,engineering,standardisation
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2PMKE1H - A reed is part of a weaving loom, and resembles a comb or a frame with many vertical slits. It is used to separate and space the warp threads, to guide the shuttle's motion across the loom, and to push the weft threads into place. In most floor looms with, the reed is securely held by the beater. Floor looms and mechanized looms both use a beater with a reed, whereas Inkle weaving and tablet weaving do not use reeds.
Modern reeds are made by placing flattened strips of wire (made of carbon or stainless steel) between two half round ribs of wood, and binding the whole together with tarred string.
Historically, reeds were made of reed or split cane. The split cane was then bound between ribs of wood in the same manner as wire is now.
In 1738, John Kay replaced split cane with flattened iron or brass wire, and the change was quickly adopted.
To make a reed, wire is flattened to a uniform thickness by passing it between rollers. The flat wire is then straightened, given rounded edges, and filed smooth. The final step is to cut the wire to the correct length and assemble. The tarred cord that binds the reed together is wrapped around each set of wooden ribs and between the dents to hold the ribs together and at the correct spacing.
The length of the metal wire varies depending on the type of fabric and the type of loom being used. For a machine-powered cotton loom, the metal wires are commonly 3.5 inches (89 mm) long. For hand-powered floor looms, around 4 inches (100 mm) is common.
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,textile,Lancs,England,UK,English,mills,Cottonopolis,manufacture,Mill,Burnley,history,tourism,steam,powered,weaving,mill,reed,cotton,factory,system,automation,machinery,Victorian,Briercliffe,BB10 2HX,Lancashire,Harle Syke,North West,NW,BB10,machines,engineering,standardisation
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2PMKE3C - A reed is part of a weaving loom, and resembles a comb or a frame with many vertical slits. It is used to separate and space the warp threads, to guide the shuttle's motion across the loom, and to push the weft threads into place. In most floor looms with, the reed is securely held by the beater. Floor looms and mechanized looms both use a beater with a reed, whereas Inkle weaving and tablet weaving do not use reeds.
Modern reeds are made by placing flattened strips of wire (made of carbon or stainless steel) between two half round ribs of wood, and binding the whole together with tarred string.
Historically, reeds were made of reed or split cane. The split cane was then bound between ribs of wood in the same manner as wire is now.
In 1738, John Kay replaced split cane with flattened iron or brass wire, and the change was quickly adopted.
To make a reed, wire is flattened to a uniform thickness by passing it between rollers. The flat wire is then straightened, given rounded edges, and filed smooth. The final step is to cut the wire to the correct length and assemble. The tarred cord that binds the reed together is wrapped around each set of wooden ribs and between the dents to hold the ribs together and at the correct spacing.
The length of the metal wire varies depending on the type of fabric and the type of loom being used. For a machine-powered cotton loom, the metal wires are commonly 3.5 inches (89 mm) long. For hand-powered floor looms, around 4 inches (100 mm) is common.
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,textile,Lancs,England,UK,English,mills,Cottonopolis,manufacture,Mill,Burnley,history,tourism,steam,powered,mill,BB10,NW,North West,Harle Syke,Briercliffe,BB10 2HX,Lancashire,cloth,manufacturing,cotton,room,a,flying,shuttle,Victorian,mechanical,machinery,automation,factory,system
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2PMKE3E -
Description
Keywords: West Midlands,England,UK,GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,limited,safes,safe,maker,padlocks,black country,Company,Ltd,Limited,building,factory,architecture,history,historic,decline,Assa Abloy Group,Chubbsafes,Temple Street,Charles,Chub,Wednesfield Road,Gunnebo Group,Heath Town,city,centre,Grade II listed,Victorian warehouse,Lighthouse Media Centre,Lighthouse,recession
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2K546YE - Chubbsafes is a brand of safes and vaults with its origins in the UK. It specialises in products which offer certified burglary protection and/or fire protection.
The brand is widely sold and marketed in the UK, South Africa, India and Malaysia as well as parts of northern Europe and east Asia.
Chubbsafes is owned under licence by the Gunnebo Group.
Early Years: 1818-1938
In 1818, Charles Chubb and his younger brother, Jeremiah Chubb, founded the Chubb Company and opened a workshop for making locks on Temple Street in Wolverhampton, England. Two years later, they opened a shop at 57 St.Paul's Churchyard in London.
In 1835, Charles Chubb expanded the business and took out a patent for a burglary-resistant safe. A safe works was opened shortly afterwards, in 1837, in London and in 1839 the brothers patented their first fire safe.
Following the death of Charles, the company remained in the family, being taken over by his son, John Chubb, in 1846, and then his grandchildren, John Charles, George Hayter and Harry Withers Chubb in 1872.
In 1882, the business became a private limited company and changed its name to Chubb & Sons Lock and Safe Company Ltd.
The London safe works moved to Wednesfield Road in Wolverhampton in 1908 and when the site was extended in 1938, it was joined by the lock works.
Description
Keywords: West Midlands,England,UK,GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,limited,safes,safe,maker,padlocks,black country,Company,Ltd,Limited,building,factory,architecture,history,historic,decline,Assa Abloy Group,Chubbsafes,Temple Street,Charles,Chub,Wednesfield Road,Gunnebo Group,Heath Town,city,centre,Grade II listed,Victorian warehouse,Lighthouse Media Centre,Lighthouse,lock makers
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2K546YF - Chubbsafes is a brand of safes and vaults with its origins in the UK. It specialises in products which offer certified burglary protection and/or fire protection.
The brand is widely sold and marketed in the UK, South Africa, India and Malaysia as well as parts of northern Europe and east Asia.
Chubbsafes is owned under licence by the Gunnebo Group.
Early Years: 1818-1938
In 1818, Charles Chubb and his younger brother, Jeremiah Chubb, founded the Chubb Company and opened a workshop for making locks on Temple Street in Wolverhampton, England. Two years later, they opened a shop at 57 St.Paul's Churchyard in London.
In 1835, Charles Chubb expanded the business and took out a patent for a burglary-resistant safe. A safe works was opened shortly afterwards, in 1837, in London and in 1839 the brothers patented their first fire safe.
Following the death of Charles, the company remained in the family, being taken over by his son, John Chubb, in 1846, and then his grandchildren, John Charles, George Hayter and Harry Withers Chubb in 1872.
In 1882, the business became a private limited company and changed its name to Chubb & Sons Lock and Safe Company Ltd.
The London safe works moved to Wednesfield Road in Wolverhampton in 1908 and when the site was extended in 1938, it was joined by the lock works.
Description
Keywords: GotonySmith,@HotpixUK,HotpixUK,Shipley,Bradford,West Yorkshire,England,UK,history,tourist,shopping centre,restaurant,complex,Salt,mill,BD17 7EA,BD17,Sir Tutus Salt,largest,industrial,building,David Hockney paintings,mills,industry,relic,relics,business,businesses,commerce,Victorian,factory,factories,employment,reused,retail,art,spaces,space,chimneys,satanic
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2JTF4C7 -
Description
Keywords: GotonySmith,@HotpixUK,HotpixUK,Shipley,Bradford,West Yorkshire,England,UK,Titus Salt,history,heritage,tourist,Sir Tutus Salt,BD18 3JW,Saltaire,Yorkshire,memorial,hall,Princess Beatrice,on,6th May,1887,UNESCO World Heritage Site of Saltaire,mills,industry,relic,relics,business,businesses,commerce,Victorian,factory,factories,employment,reused,retail,art,spaces,space
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2JTF4D5 - Exhibition Road is the only road in the village to have been named subsequent to the 1876 death of Saltaire's founder Sir Titus Salt. Initially lacking buildings fronting onto it, it was unnamed prior to the Royal Yorkshire Jubilee Exhibition, held there in 1887.
One of the outstanding successes of the original township was its Schools of Science and Art. These Schools, housed in the Institute in Victoria Road, proved so successful that by the mid 1880s they needed more space. At the suggestion of Titus Salt Jr, son of Sir Titus, the Salt School governors of the time resolved to erect a new facility, behind the existing Institute. The development was to cost ?12,000, to be raised from an exhibition which for its five month duration would use the new building, together with 12 acres of land to the east.
The Royal Yorkshire Jubilee Exhibition was opened by Princess Beatrice on 6th May, 1887. For the one shilling (5p) entry fee, any visitor would have been impressed with the Exhibition's scope ? to the north of the new School was a Concert Hall seating 3,000
a covered avenue extended as far as the site of the present Baker St, with a series of Exhibition Courts along its length. Other features included a maze, a Japanese village, a toboggan run, and a working dairy. An electrically powered lighthouse, mounted atop the new building, shone out across the surrounding countryside.
Today the 1887 Exhibition Building is home to our prestigious Shipley College, and Exhibition Road marks part of the eastern boundary of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Saltaire.
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Saltaire,UK,Salt,section,roof,roofs,world,heritage,site,architecture,sunny,preserved,town,towns,the,mill,history,historic,mills,industry,relic,relics,business,businesses,commerce,Victorian,factory,factories,employment,reused,retail,art,spaces,space
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2JTNA38 -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Bradford,West Yorkshire,England,UK,Sailtaire,BD98 8AA,BD98,Salts Mill,and,souvenirs,gift,gifts,Yorkshire,north,northern,mill,mills,renovated,preserved,inside,interior,store,retailing,space,shoppers,people,busy,1853,gallery,Unesco world,history,heritage,Victorian,architecture,old,factory
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2JTR48T -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Wigan & Leigh Council,Greater Manchester,England,Lancs,Wigan,UK,WN7 3AE,factory,system,contrasts,buildings,century,industry,spinning,industrial,Victorian,mobility scooter,person,riding,contrast,relics,relic,turn of,manufacture,history,historic,heritage,northern,north west,northwest,tall,mills,factories
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2JH06M6 -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Wigan & Leigh Council,Greater Manchester,England,Lancs,Wigan,UK,WN7 3AE,factory,system,spinning,manufacture,industry,industrial,turn of,century,Victorian,relic,relics,buildings,mobility scooter,contrast,contrasts,person,riding,history,historic,heritage,northern,north west,northwest,tall,mills,factories
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2JH06M7 -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Greater Manchester,England,Lancs,Lancashire,Leeds and Liverpool canal,building,architecture,built,by,WN7,Leigh,UK,cotton,Cottonopolis,Bridgewater Canal Leigh branch,Atherton,1905,Stott and Sons of Oldham,RCHME,Greater Manchester Mills Project,red brick,and,terracotta facing,grade II,listed,1253426,relics,turn of,century,industry,Victorian,industrial,spinning,factory,system
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2JH071K - Butts Mill was built next to the Leigh branch of the Bridgewater Canal in 1905 to the designs of Stott and Sons, the six-storey mill has a steel frame faced with red brick and a flat roof. It has an ornate tower with a terracotta Arts and Crafts details and parapet and is topped by a copper dome and finial. The mill was used for carding on the lower three floors and spinning on the upper. The carding floors have large nine-light rectangular windows separated by narrow brick piers while the spinning floors have narrower windows and brick panels. The mill's hoist tower is a single window wide capped by the mill's name BUTTS in white tiles. It was designed as a double mill but only half was built.[29] The 150,000 mule spindles were supplied by Dobson & Barlow of Bolton and its 2500 hp engine was by Carels Fr??res of Ghent in Belgium.[30]
Ceased spinning in 1960, the mill was later sold to Ward and Goldstone.
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,@hotpixUK,Hotpixuk,England,UK,main building,Joe Soaps,Cheshire,&,name,Victorian,building,architecture,column,at,front,of,head,office,Unilever,Crossfields,Persil,factory,Bank Quay,4 Liverpool Road,Warrington,WA5 1AB,WA5,sunny,sun,blue sky,blue skies,Great Sankey,Liverpool Rd,employer,employment,closed,shut,soap,chemical manufacturing
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2JDJ43F - Joseph Crosfield (5 October 1792 ? 16 February 1844) was a businessman who established a soap and chemical manufacturing business in Warrington, which was in the historic county of Lancashire and is now in the ceremonial county of Cheshire. This business was to become the firm of Joseph Crosfield and Sons.
Early life
Joseph Crosfield was born in Warrington, the fourth son of George Crosfield and his wife Ann n??e Key. The Crosfield family had been Quakers since the time of George Fox and this tradition was maintained by George and subsequently by Joseph. George Crosfield was a wholesale grocer in Warrington who also had interests in a sugar-refining business in Liverpool. The family moved to Lancaster in 1799 for George to develop a sugar-refining business there, while still keeping an interest in his grocery business in Warrington under the care of his assistant, Joseph Fell. Nothing is known of Joseph's early life in Lancaster. From September 1807, a time close to his 15th birthday, he was apprenticed for 6 years to Anthony Clapham, a druggist and chemist in Newcastle-upon-Tyne. By 1811 Anthony Clapham was also a soap manufacturer.
In 1814, Joseph's apprenticeship having finished, at the age of 21 he decided to establish his own soap making business in Warrington. At this time soap manufacturing was growing rapidly in the Mersey bad recently developed canals and river navigations in the area which allowed for easier transport of the raw materials into the factories and for the distribution of the finished products. A number of new large soaperies had recently been established in the nearby towns of St Helens, Runcorn and Liverpool.
Joseph Crosfield's soapery was established on the north bank of a loop of the river Mersey in an area known as Bank Quay, near to urban Warrington but at that time separated from it by a stretch of fields. Other industrial premises were nearby. The premises occupied that of a failed wire mill were sourced
-2B1YFRM.jpg)
Description
Keywords: HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,GoTonySmith,UK,England,town,Albion,brick,Victorian,windows,flats,apartments,change of use,Midlands,historic,listed building,Albion Flour Mill,Smiths,Birchill,flight of locks,locks,Birchills,red brick,factory,mill,commercial,Albion Flour Mill now Smiths Flour Mill Walsall,EBL751,Steam Mill,Corn Mill,Flour Mill,Wolverhampton St,WS2 8DD,WS2,miller,Thomas Caloe
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2B1YFRM - Post Medieval (1540 - 1900) Post Roman (410 - 1900)
Summary: Dated 1849. 4-storey purpose-built flour mill (originally steam-powered). Ranges of arched and half-moon windows with iron grids and fanlights. Includes covered dock opening off a basin on the (Listed) lock flight next door.
Description: On E bank of Walsall Locks (2695), served by canal branch leading to covered wharf inside mill. Steam mill, 1898 (sic - but should this be 1848 - MS 25.4.02), with 2 main, 4 storey blocks flanking an archway. (1) (2)
Outstanding industrial building of 1849. Brick, with orig cast iron windows of small lights. Arched heads on all floors & lunettes at inter mezzanine level etc etc. (3)
IRIS report. (4)
A fine 4-storey brick steam mill built 1848. The central archway once extended over a public road, and there was a covered canal dock as well as a private coal wharf. (5)
Dated 1849. 4-storey purpose-built flour mill (originally steam-powered). Ranges of arched and half-moon windows with iron grids and fanlights. Includes covered dock opening off a basin on the (Listed) lock flight next door. (6)
Detailed analysis and recording ahead of conversion into flats. Four phases identfied: Phase 1 (1849) - rectangular building fronting Wolverhampton Road and adjoining terrace of Georgian houses
Phase 2 (later 19th century) - Phase 1 building extended to north, acquisition of warehouse building to W (which had a purpose built integral canal arm)
Phase 3 (later 19th century) - original mill and adjacent warehouse joined at 2nd and 3rd floor levels
Phase 4 (20th century) various concrete and steel frame and corrugated steel clad structures built to the north of the historic mill buildings. The Albion Flour Mill in Wolverhampton Street was built in 1849, probably for Thomas Caloe, miller there from at least 1851 until the 1890s. By 1900 Smith Bros. (Walsall) Ltd. had taken it over, and the firm was still milling there in 1973.
Description
Keywords: @Hotpixuk,HotpixUK,GoTonySmith,UK,England,E1,Spittalfields,building,listed,grade II,East End,London,gate,gates,beer,Truman,ale,ales,old,history,historic,brewery chimney,Truman Chimney,Chimney,tower,clock,industry,factory,brownfield,brown field,Victorian,outside,exterior,yard,yards,redeveloped,preserved,retail
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2AE02BC -
Description
Keywords: @Hotpixuk,HotpixUK,GoTonySmith,UK,England,E1,Spittalfields,building,listed,grade II,East End,London,gate,gates,beer,Truman,ale,ales,old,history,historic,brewery chimney,Truman Chimney,Chimney,tower,clock,industry,factory,brownfield,brown field,Victorian,outside,exterior,yard,yards,redeveloped,preserved,retail
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2AE02CC -
Description
Keywords: @Hotpixuk,HotpixUK,GoTonySmith,UK,England,E1,Spittalfields,building,listed,grade II,East End,London,gate,gates,beer,Truman,ale,ales,old,history,historic,brewery chimney,Truman Chimney,Chimney,industry,factory,brownfield,brown field,Victorian,outside,exterior,yard,yards,redeveloped,preserved,retail
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2AE02CE -
Description
Keywords: @Hotpixuk,HotpixUK,GoTonySmith,UK,England,London,E1,beers,ales,lamp,lighting,street lamp,GB,Truman lamp,white,frosted,logo,brewery,brewing,heritage,historic,history,Victorian,icon,iconic,developed,redeveloped,preserved,complex,factory,factories,brownfield,brown field,site,light,streetlight
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2AE02KF -
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Keywords: @Hotpixuk,HotpixUK,GoTonySmith,UK,England,Old,Truman,beer,ale,Brewery,building,London,The OldTruman Brewery,The old Truman Brewery,windows,91 Brick Lane,E1 6QL,E1,Brick Lane,estates,trumanbrewery,brewery,brewing,heritage,historic,history,Victorian,icon,iconic,developed,redeveloped,preserved,complex,factory,factories,brownfield,brown field,site
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2AE02KK -
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Keywords: @Hotpixuk,HotpixUK,GoTonySmith,UK,England,Old,Truman,beer,ale,Brewery,building,London,The OldTruman Brewery,The old Truman Brewery,windows,91 Brick Lane,E1 6QL,E1,Brick Lane,estates,trumanbrewery,brewery,brewing,heritage,historic,history,Victorian,icon,iconic,developed,redeveloped,preserved,complex,factory,factories,brownfield,brown field,site
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2AE02KP -
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Keywords: Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,SOT,Stoke,on,trent,stokeontrent,on-trent,industrial,heritage,factory,factories,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,GB,unique,bone,china,tablewear,tableware,workshops,and,giant,bottle,kilns,pot,banks,potbanks,Victorian,made,making,ceramics,Gotonysmith,SOT,Image,from,Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,UK,English,England,Tourist,tourism,industry,chalk,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy DBHRAG - National Society of Pottery Workers notice board from Longton Stoke-On-Trent Great Britain at the Gladstone Pottery Museum
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Keywords: Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,SOT,Stoke,on,trent,stokeontrent,on-trent,industrial,heritage,factory,factories,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,GB,jolleying,workshops,and,giant,bottle,kilns,pot,banks,potbanks,Victorian,made,making,ceramics,joyering,Jolley,Jiggering,Gotonysmith,SOT,Image,from,Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,UK,English,England,Tourist,tourism,industry,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy DBHRB5 - Jiggering and jolleying: These operations are carried out on the potter's wheel and allow the time taken to bring wares to a standardized form to be reduced. Jiggering is the operation of bringing a shaped tool into contact with the plastic clay of a piece under construction, the piece itself being set on a rotating plaster mould on the wheel.
The jigger tool shapes one face while the mould shapes the other. Jiggering is used only in the production of flat wares, such as plates, but a similar operation, jolleying, is used in the production of hollow-wares such as cups.
Jiggering and jolleying have been used in the production of pottery since at least the 18th century. In large-scale factory production, jiggering and jolleying are usually automated, which allows the operations to be carried out by semi-skilled labour.
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Keywords: Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,SOT,Stoke,on,trent,stokeontrent,on-trent,industrial,heritage,factory,factories,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,GB,unique,bone,china,tablewear,tableware,workshops,and,giant,bottle,kilns,pot,banks,potbanks,Victorian,made,making,ceramics,Gotonysmith,SOT,Image,from,Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,UK,English,England,Tourist,tourism,industry,unit,old,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy DBHRD8 - Thomas Crapper Sink detail from Longton Stoke-On-Trent Great Britain showing potteries heritage at the Gladstone Pottery Museum
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Keywords: Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,SOT,Stoke,on,trent,stokeontrent,on-trent,industrial,heritage,factory,factories,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,GB,unique,bone,china,tablewear,tableware,workshops,and,giant,bottle,kilns,pot,banks,potbanks,Victorian,made,making,ceramics,Gotonysmith,SOT,Image,from,Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,UK,English,England,Tourist,tourism,industry,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy DBHRHW - Detail of pottery mosaic from Longton Stoke-On-Trent Great Britain showing potteries heritage at the Gladstone Pottery Museum
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Keywords: Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,SOT,Stoke,on,trent,stokeontrent,on-trent,industrial,heritage,factory,factories,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,GB,unique,bone,china,tablewear,tableware,workshops,and,giant,bottle,kilns,pot,banks,potbanks,Victorian,made,making,ceramics,Gotonysmith,SOT,Image,from,Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,UK,English,England,Tourist,tourism,industry,Gladsto,Gladston,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy DBHRJW - A room full of molds from Longton Stoke-On-Trent Great Britain showing potteries heritage at the Gladstone Pottery Museum
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Keywords: Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,SOT,Stoke,on,trent,stokeontrent,on-trent,industrial,heritage,factory,factories,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,GB,unique,bone,china,tablewear,tableware,workshops,and,giant,bottle,kilns,pot,banks,potbanks,Victorian,made,making,ceramics,Gotonysmith,SOT,Image,from,Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,UK,English,England,Tourist,tourism,industry,clay,clayhead,clayheads,potters,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy DBHRKA - Image from Longton Stoke-On-Trent Great Britain showing potteries heritage at the Gladstone Pottery Museum
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Keywords: Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,SOT,Stoke,on,trent,stokeontrent,on-trent,industrial,heritage,factory,factories,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,GB,unique,bone,china,tablewear,tableware,workshops,and,giant,bottle,kilns,pot,banks,potbanks,Victorian,made,making,ceramics,Gotonysmith,SOT,Image,from,Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,UK,English,England,Tourist,tourism,industry,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy DBHRKR - Mould (Mold) for a jug from Longton Stoke-On-Trent Great Britain showing potteries heritage at the Gladstone Pottery Museum
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Keywords: Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,SOT,Stoke,on,trent,stokeontrent,on-trent,industrial,heritage,factory,factories,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,GB,unique,bone,china,tablewear,tableware,workshops,and,giant,bottle,kilns,pot,banks,potbanks,Victorian,made,making,ceramics,Gotonysmith,SOT,Image,from,Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,UK,English,England,Tourist,tourism,industry,gladston,bottles,shelves,shelf,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy DBHRN5 - Colour glaze bottles on shelves from Longton Stoke-On-Trent Great Britain showing potteries heritage at the Gladstone Pottery Museum
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Keywords: Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,SOT,Stoke,on,trent,stokeontrent,on-trent,industrial,heritage,factory,factories,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,GB,unique,bone,china,tablewear,tableware,workshops,and,giant,bottle,kilns,pot,banks,potbanks,Victorian,made,making,ceramics,Gotonysmith,SOT,Image,from,Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,UK,English,England,Tourist,tourism,industry,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy DBHRPN - A pot of water green glaze from Longton Stoke-On-Trent Great Britain showing potteries heritage at the Gladstone Pottery Museum, colour room.
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Keywords: Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,SOT,Stoke,on,trent,stokeontrent,on-trent,industrial,heritage,factory,factories,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,GB,unique,bone,china,tablewear,tableware,workshops,and,giant,bottle,kilns,pot,banks,potbanks,Victorian,made,making,ceramics,Gotonysmith,SOT,Image,from,Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,UK,English,England,Tourist,tourism,industry,Gladston,glaze,pink,1373,label,labelled,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy DBHRRJ - Single pot of colour glaze, Longton Stoke-On-Trent Great Britain showing potteries heritage at the Gladstone Pottery Museum
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Keywords: Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,SOT,Stoke,on,trent,stokeontrent,on-trent,industrial,heritage,factory,factories,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,GB,unique,bone,china,tablewear,tableware,workshops,and,giant,bottle,kilns,pot,banks,potbanks,Victorian,made,making,ceramics,Gotonysmith,SOT,Image,from,Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,UK,English,England,Tourist,tourism,industry,Gladston,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy DBHRT7 - Image from Longton Stoke-On-Trent Great Britain showing potteries heritage at the Gladstone Pottery Museum
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Keywords: Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,SOT,Stoke,on,trent,stokeontrent,on-trent,industrial,heritage,factory,factories,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,GB,unique,bone,china,tablewear,tableware,workshops,and,giant,bottle,kilns,pot,banks,potbanks,Victorian,made,making,ceramics,Gotonysmith,SOT,Image,from,Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,UK,English,England,Tourist,tourism,industry,bricks,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy DBHTMD - Potbanks in a yard from Longton Stoke-On-Trent Great Britain showing potteries heritage at the Gladstone Pottery Museum
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Keywords: Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,SOT,Stoke,on,trent,stokeontrent,on-trent,industrial,heritage,factory,factories,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,GB,unique,bone,china,tablewear,tableware,workshops,and,giant,bottle,kilns,pot,banks,potbanks,Victorian,made,making,ceramics,Gotonysmith,SOT,Image,from,Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,UK,English,England,Tourist,tourism,industry,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy DBHTPC - Image of the Roslyn works from Longton Stoke-On-Trent Great Britain showing potteries heritage at the Gladstone Pottery Museum
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Keywords: Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,SOT,Stoke,on,trent,stokeontrent,on-trent,industrial,heritage,factory,factories,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,GB,unique,bone,china,tablewear,tableware,workshops,and,giant,bottle,kilns,pot,banks,potbanks,Victorian,made,making,ceramics,Gotonysmith,SOT,Image,from,Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,UK,English,England,Tourist,tourism,industry,Gladston,pouring,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy DBJFC6 - White pouring jug mould from Longton Stoke-On-Trent Great Britain showing potteries heritage at the Gladstone Pottery Museum
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Keywords: Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,SOT,Stoke,on,trent,stokeontrent,on-trent,industrial,heritage,factory,factories,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,GB,unique,bone,china,tablewear,tableware,workshops,and,giant,bottle,kilns,pot,banks,potbanks,Victorian,made,making,ceramics,Gotonysmith,SOT,Image,from,Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,UK,English,England,Tourist,tourism,industry,tea,cup,handles,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy DBJFCK - Image from mould room Longton Stoke-On-Trent Great Britain showing potteries heritage at the Gladstone Pottery Museum.
How teacup handles are made.
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Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Manchester,industry,factory,mill,history,machines,cloth,manufacture,Lancashire,Victorian,mass production,Industrial Revolution,Textile manufacturing,Manchester factory,manufacturing cotton and cloth,cotton yarn,Cotton Mill,Cottonopolis,Inside a Manchester Cotton Mill,loom,making cotton cloth,making fabric,weaved,looms,mechanical,system,industrial,historic,preserved,being,produced,calico,card
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2BM3JK0 - A cotton mill is a building housing spinning or weaving machinery for the production of yarn or cloth from cotton, an important product during the Industrial Revolution in the development of the factory system.
Although some were driven by animal power, most early mills were built in rural areas at fast-flowing rivers and streams using water wheels for power. The development of viable steam engines by Boulton and Watt from 1781 led to the growth of larger, steam-powered mills allowing them to be concentrated in urban mill towns, like Manchester, which with neighbouring Salford had more than 50 mills by 1802.
The mechanisation of the spinning process in the early factories was instrumental in the growth of the machine tool industry, enabling the construction of larger cotton mills. Limited companies were developed to construct mills, and the trading floors of the cotton exchange in Manchester, created a vast commercial city. Mills generated employment, drawing workers from largely rural areas and expanding urban populations. They provided incomes for girls and women. Child labour was used in the mills, and the factory system led to organised labour. Poor conditions became the subject of expos??s, and in England, the Factory Acts were written to regulate them.
The cotton mill, originally a Lancashire phenomenon, was copied in New England and later in the southern states of America. In the 20th century, North West England lost its supremacy to the United States, then to Japan and subsequently to China.
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Manchester,industry,factory,mill,history,machines,cloth,manufacture,Lancashire,Victorian,mass production,Industrial Revolution,Textile manufacturing,Manchester factory,manufacturing cotton and cloth,cotton yarn,Cotton Mill,Cottonopolis,Inside a Manchester Cotton Mill,making cotton thread,spin,spinning,of,cotton,fibre,fibres,historic,machine,machinery,industrial,labour,multi,multiple,bobbins
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2BM3JK6 - A cotton mill is a building housing spinning or weaving machinery for the production of yarn or cloth from cotton, an important product during the Industrial Revolution in the development of the factory system.
Although some were driven by animal power, most early mills were built in rural areas at fast-flowing rivers and streams using water wheels for power. The development of viable steam engines by Boulton and Watt from 1781 led to the growth of larger, steam-powered mills allowing them to be concentrated in urban mill towns, like Manchester, which with neighbouring Salford had more than 50 mills by 1802.
The mechanisation of the spinning process in the early factories was instrumental in the growth of the machine tool industry, enabling the construction of larger cotton mills. Limited companies were developed to construct mills, and the trading floors of the cotton exchange in Manchester, created a vast commercial city. Mills generated employment, drawing workers from largely rural areas and expanding urban populations. They provided incomes for girls and women. Child labour was used in the mills, and the factory system led to organised labour. Poor conditions became the subject of expos??s, and in England, the Factory Acts were written to regulate them.
The cotton mill, originally a Lancashire phenomenon, was copied in New England and later in the southern states of America. In the 20th century, North West England lost its supremacy to the United States, then to Japan and subsequently to China.
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Manchester,industry,factory,mill,history,machines,cloth,manufacture,Lancashire,Victorian,Manchester factory,manufacturing cotton and cloth,cotton yarn,Cotton Mill,Cottonopolis,Inside a Manchester Cotton Mill,clothes horse,dummy,lay figure,dress form,life-sized,dolls,doll,dressmakers,dress forms,model,textile,manufacturing,decline,recession,outsourcing,outsourced,fast,fashion,shape,shapely,feminine
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2BM3JKR - A cotton mill is a building housing spinning or weaving machinery for the production of yarn or cloth from cotton, an important product during the Industrial Revolution in the development of the factory system.
Although some were driven by animal power, most early mills were built in rural areas at fast-flowing rivers and streams using water wheels for power. The development of viable steam engines by Boulton and Watt from 1781 led to the growth of larger, steam-powered mills allowing them to be concentrated in urban mill towns, like Manchester, which with neighbouring Salford had more than 50 mills by 1802.
The mechanisation of the spinning process in the early factories was instrumental in the growth of the machine tool industry, enabling the construction of larger cotton mills. Limited companies were developed to construct mills, and the trading floors of the cotton exchange in Manchester, created a vast commercial city. Mills generated employment, drawing workers from largely rural areas and expanding urban populations. They provided incomes for girls and women. Child labour was used in the mills, and the factory system led to organised labour. Poor conditions became the subject of expos??s, and in England, the Factory Acts were written to regulate them.
The cotton mill, originally a Lancashire phenomenon, was copied in New England and later in the southern states of America. In the 20th century, North West England lost its supremacy to the United States, then to Japan and subsequently to China.
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Cotton,Manchester,industry,factory,mill,history,machines,cloth,manufacture,Lancashire,factory system,Victorian,rust,letters,lettering,Pound spelt out,Pound spelled out,Pounds spelled out,imperial,measure,measures,Pounds,ounces,ounce,rusty,rusting,pound,pounding,weight,weights,industrial,pressure,impression
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2BM3JM5 -
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Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Cotton,Manchester,industry,factory,mill,history,machines,cloth,manufacture,Lancashire,factory system,Victorian,mass production,Industrial Revolution,Textile manufacturing,brown,label,labeled,Oldham,cotton canister,tube,Noton Oldham,S Noton,S.Moton Ltd Oldham Eng,Eng,tall,can,canister,textile bin,textile,S.Noton of Oldham,S. Noton and Sons,Noton and Sons,Fibre and Metal Works,Goddard Street
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2BM3JMD -
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Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Cotton,Manchester,industry,factory,mill,history,machines,cloth,manufacture,Lancashire,Victorian,ink,England,Uk,pots,school,office,offices,historic,heritage,moody,old,fashioned,old-fashioned,pen,pens,quill,quills,olden,times,dark,wood,wooden
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2BM3JNT -
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Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Cotton,Manchester,industry,factory,mill,history,machines,cloth,Lancashire,factory system,Victorian,average weights,ledger,Cottonopolis,Book,average,weights,produced,output,office,in the office,operations,estimated,product,statistics,ruled,sustainable,work,ledgers,record,database,book,books,stamp,stamps,inked
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2BM3JPD -
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Keywords: historic,listed,building,buildings,mill,HDR,cotton,king,owner,po historic,portrait,person,period,costume,sepia,mono,b/w,black,while,posed,tonysmith,365project,project365,styal,NT,national,trust,UK,england,cheshire,britain,industry,industrial,factory,victorian,workhouse,work,worker,workers,cottonopolis,tower,chimney,narrative,sex,sexy,HOT PIX,architecture,retro,hotpicks,muchacha,femenina,de,la,mujer,se\u00f1ora,lady,female,woman,girl,\u5973\u6027\u30e1\u30b9\u306e\u5973\u6027\u306e\u5973\u306e\u5b50,\u592b\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u5987\u5973\u5973\u5b69,fille,f\u00e9minine,femme,dame,@hotpixuk
Description: Tony Smith image Flickr 4594180519 - 'Quarry Bank Mill in Cheshire, England, is one of the best preserved textile mills of the Industrial Revolution and is now a museum of the cotton industry. It is a Grade II listed building and is now in the care of the National Trust.
The mill was founded by Samuel Greg (who is represented here), in 1784 in the village of Styal on the River Bollin. Its original iron water wheel was designed by Thomas Hewes and built between 1816 and 1820.
The Hewes wheel finally broke in 1904. After that the River Bollin continued to power the mill, through two water turbines. Today the Mill is home to the most powerful working waterwheel in Europe, an iron water wheel which was originally at Glasshouses Mill at Patley Bridge. This wheel was designed by Sir William Fairbairn, the Scottish engineer who had been an apprentice of Thomas Hewes.
The estate surrounding the mill, also developed by Greg, is the most complete and least altered factory colony of the Industrial Revolution. The estate and mill were donated to the National Trust in 1939 by Alexander Carlton Greg and are open to the public. The mill continued in commercial production until 1959.
The Greg family were Unitarians and built Norcliffe Chapel in Styal village. Their non-conformist religious beliefs provided the Gregs with important business contacts as many of the major Manchester Industrialists were Unitarian. Methodist workers at the mill later sought a place of worship, and the Gregs converted a grain store in Styal village into a Chapel for their use.
In Britain, a cotton mill is a factory that houses spinning and weaving machinery. Typically built between 1775 and 1930, mills spun cotton which was an important product during the Industrial Revolution.
Cotton mills, and the mechanisation of the spinning process, were instrumental in the growth of the machine tool industry, enabling the construction of larger cotton mills. The requirement for water helped stimulate the construction of the canal system, and the need for power the development of steam engines.
Limited companies were developed to construct the mills. This led to the trading floors of the cotton exchange of Manchester (now the Royal Excahnge Theatre), which in its turn created a vast commercial city. At the top of the town hall in Manchester sits a golden cotton seed, its basis for its wealth.
The mills also created extra employment, leading to the expansion of local populations and the need for extra housing. In response, mill towns with municipal governments were created. The mills provided independent incomes for girls and women. Child labour was used in the mills, and the factory system led to organised labour.
Poor conditions in cotton mills became the subject of exposes and the Factory Acts were written to regulate them. The cotton mill was originally a Lancashire phenomenon that then was copied in New England and later in the southern states of America.
In the twentieth century, North West England lost its supremacy to the United States, then India and then China. In the twenty-first century redundant mills have been accepted as part of a country's industrial heritage.
NB: Like all the images on this stream, full size prints up to 30x20inches are available, Check my profile for how to contact me.
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m=tags\'>Historic Buildings from my photostream.
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Keywords: Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,SOT,Stoke,on,trent,stokeontrent,on-trent,industrial,heritage,factory,factories,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,GB,unique,bone,china,tablewear,tableware,workshops,and,giant,bottle,kilns,pot,banks,potbanks,Victorian,made,making,ceramics,Gotonysmith,SOT,Image,from,Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,UK,English,England,Tourist,tourism,industry,lonton,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy DBHTHK - A pottery mould room from Longton Stoke-On-Trent Great Britain showing potteries heritage at the Gladstone Pottery Museum
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Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Cotton,Manchester,industry,factory,mill,history,machines,cloth,manufacture,factory system,Victorian,reel,machine,Lancashire Cotton,mills,BW,Black,White,black and white,cotton industry,UK,British,Cotton-spinning machinery,mass production,Industrial Revolution,Textile manufacturing,factory floor,working,reels,multiple,spin,spins,yarn,bobbins,cheeses
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2BM3JMK - Cotton-spinning machinery refers to machines which process (or spin) prepared cotton roving into workable yarn or thread. Such machinery can be dated back centuries. During the 18th and 19th centuries, as part of the Industrial Revolution cotton-spinning machinery was developed to bring mass production to the cotton industry. Cotton spinning machinery was installed in large factories, commonly known as cotton mills.
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Keywords: Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,SOT,Stoke,on,trent,stokeontrent,on-trent,heritage,factory,factories,Great,Britain,showing,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,GB,unique,bone,china,tablewear,tableware,workshops,and,giant,bottle,kilns,pot,banks,potbanks,Victorian,made,making,ceramics,Gotonysmith,SOT,Image,from,Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,UK,English,England,Tourist,tourism,industry,stangate,Stancate,London,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy DBHRCT - The Closet of the century from Longton Stoke-On-Trent Great Britain showing potteries heritage at the Gladstone Pottery Museum
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Cotton,Manchester,industry,factory,mill,history,machines,cloth,manufacture,Lancashire,factory system,Victorian,wooden,wood,toilet seat,W.C.,WC,Water Closet,with toilet paper,toilet paper,toilet,privy,number one,number two,waste,personal hygiene,hygiene,sewage,Thomas Crapper,Crapper,crap,Non-flushing,water closets,unsanitary conditions,bowl,seat,poverty
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2BM3JP6 - Non-flushing water closets?portable pieces of furniture with removable containers for waste?became the standard in pre-Victorian Britain, though many households continued to rely on the backyard privy. The problem of waste disposal?whether from a chamber pot or from an overused hole in the ground?remained.
The Victorians made the connection between unsanitary conditions and disease that the Elizabethans hadn't and developed municipal sewer systems to try to keep their cities cleaner. The problem was that they didn't have a good way of connecting individual households to the system. Non-flushing water closets could be dressed up, but their contents couldn't be taken out. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries (about the same time the sewers were built), English patents were granted for several different types of water-closet valves, but their flushing actions were pretty inefficient. The wall mounted cistern that became popular in the 1870s vastly improved the situation because it provided a large volume of water under more pressure. Water-closet bowls remained a problem, though, because their rudimentary traps didn't do a very good job of either letting waste go down the drain or keeping sewer gases out of the building. At first these bowls were made of earthenware and glazed with sometimes-elaborate designs. In 1885, Thomas Twyford built the first vitreous china toilet, inspiring competition from other notable English potteries such as Wedgwood and Doulton
it wasn't long before vitreous china became the standard for the fledgling industry.
American inventors were also seeking solutions to the problem of building a sanitary water closet. As early as 1875, James Henry and William Campbell patented a plunger-type water closet
over the next 50 or so years more than 350 applications for patents for various types of water-closet designs were received by the U.S. patent office. In 1907
Description
Keywords: Longton,SOT,Stoke,on,trent,stokeontrent,on-trent,industrial,heritage,factory,factories,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,GB,unique,bone,china,tablewear,tableware,workshops,and,giant,bottle,kilns,pot,banks,potbanks,Victorian,made,making,Gotonysmith,SOT,Image,from,Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,Great,Britain,showing,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,UK,English,England,Tourist,tourism,industry,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy DBHRHC - Circular pottery mosaic from Longton Stoke-On-Trent Great Britain showing potteries heritage at the Gladstone Pottery Museum
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Manchester,industry,factory,history,machines,cloth,manufacture,Lancashire,Victorian,mass production,Industrial Revolution,Textile manufacturing,Manchester factory,manufacturing cotton and cloth,cotton yarn,Cotton Mill,Cottonopolis,Inside a Manchester Cotton Mill,1948 Roto-Coner machine,1948,Roto-Coner,machine,RotoConer machine,Roto-Coner machine,industrial,machinery,factories,Lancs,textile,automation,system,spin,spinning
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2BM3JJB - A cotton mill is a building housing spinning or weaving machinery for the production of yarn or cloth from cotton, an important product during the Industrial Revolution in the development of the factory system.
Although some were driven by animal power, most early mills were built in rural areas at fast-flowing rivers and streams using water wheels for power. The development of viable steam engines by Boulton and Watt from 1781 led to the growth of larger, steam-powered mills allowing them to be concentrated in urban mill towns, like Manchester, which with neighbouring Salford had more than 50 mills by 1802.
The mechanisation of the spinning process in the early factories was instrumental in the growth of the machine tool industry, enabling the construction of larger cotton mills. Limited companies were developed to construct mills, and the trading floors of the cotton exchange in Manchester, created a vast commercial city. Mills generated employment, drawing workers from largely rural areas and expanding urban populations. They provided incomes for girls and women. Child labour was used in the mills, and the factory system led to organised labour. Poor conditions became the subject of expos??s, and in England, the Factory Acts were written to regulate them.
The cotton mill, originally a Lancashire phenomenon, was copied in New England and later in the southern states of America. In the 20th century, North West England lost its supremacy to the United States, then to Japan and subsequently to China.
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Manchester,industry,factory,mill,history,machines,cloth,manufacture,Lancashire,Victorian,mass production,Industrial Revolution,Textile manufacturing,Manchester factory,manufacturing cotton and cloth,cotton yarn,Cotton Mill,Cottonopolis,Inside a Manchester Cotton Mill,carding machine,textiles,manufacturing,system,Lancs,cotton mills,carding,of,cotton,cards,card,machine,machinery,fibres
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2BM3JJK - A cotton mill is a building housing spinning or weaving machinery for the production of yarn or cloth from cotton, an important product during the Industrial Revolution in the development of the factory system.
Although some were driven by animal power, most early mills were built in rural areas at fast-flowing rivers and streams using water wheels for power. The development of viable steam engines by Boulton and Watt from 1781 led to the growth of larger, steam-powered mills allowing them to be concentrated in urban mill towns, like Manchester, which with neighbouring Salford had more than 50 mills by 1802.
The mechanisation of the spinning process in the early factories was instrumental in the growth of the machine tool industry, enabling the construction of larger cotton mills. Limited companies were developed to construct mills, and the trading floors of the cotton exchange in Manchester, created a vast commercial city. Mills generated employment, drawing workers from largely rural areas and expanding urban populations. They provided incomes for girls and women. Child labour was used in the mills, and the factory system led to organised labour. Poor conditions became the subject of expos??s, and in England, the Factory Acts were written to regulate them.
The cotton mill, originally a Lancashire phenomenon, was copied in New England and later in the southern states of America. In the 20th century, North West England lost its supremacy to the United States, then to Japan and subsequently to China.
Description
Keywords: Afflecks,Palace,Manchester,Northern,Quarter,Oldham,St,Street,Market,Dept,Mark,Kennedy,art,hero,heroes,Factory Records,Tony Wilson,mosaic,Martin,Hannett,Alan,Erasmus,Peter,Saville,rob,Gretton,Manchester Hero,Manchester Heroes,GoTonySmith,@HotpixUK,HotpixUK,United,Kingdom,GB,English,British,Afflecks,Palace,store,on,Oldham,Street,market,shops,stalls,Tib,Dale,department,tourist,attraction,retail,cool,Church,boutiques,building,victorian,city,centre,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of,Images of,Stock Images,United Kingdom,Great Britain,Afflecks Palace,Affleck & Browns,Church St,independent stalls,small shops
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy GJ7990 - From the Ben Robinson interview,Afflecks Palace In Pieces Once More
SELF-made Manchester mosaicist Mark Kennedy has had seven mosaic art pieces installed on Tib Street along the wall of Affleck's Palace. The colourful and cracked pieces feature the likes of Eric Cantona, Colin Bell, Karl Marx, Morrissey, Ian Brown, Emmeline Pankhurst, Bet Lynch and many other 'legends' associated with Manchester.
In total Kennedy has spent almost 20 years crafting the two sets of mosaics amongst other on-going work. The theme on Affleck's is Manchester heroes, with a nod given the shopping bazaar's rock'n'roll past. Thus among the great figures of Manchester depicted there are musicians, actors, media and radical politicians.
He also couldn't help including something from his own Manchester memories of Tib Street.
When I was a little kid I used to go to Tib Street all the time to get my ferrets and buy mice from a little pet shop and that's where we all used to go. Next door was Tib Street Joke Shop that used to sell masks and stink bombs so there's one piece that represents all that.
You have to have a closer look at some of the new mosaics to fully appreciate them with some of them holding a few hidden surprises. Kennedy's take on Joy Division's classic Unknown Pleasures album cover features several tiny coloured tile fragments to set it apart from the now iconic original.
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Manchester,industry,factory,mill,history,machines,cloth,manufacture,Lancashire,Victorian,mass production,Industrial Revolution,Textile manufacturing,Manchester factory,manufacturing cotton and cloth,cotton yarn,Cotton Mill,Cottonopolis,Inside a Manchester Cotton Mill,1948 Roto-Coner machine,Roto-Coner,RotoConer machine,machine,Roto-Coner machine,1948,industrial,machinery,factories,Lancs,textile,automation,system,spin,spinning
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2BM3JJ3 - A cotton mill is a building housing spinning or weaving machinery for the production of yarn or cloth from cotton, an important product during the Industrial Revolution in the development of the factory system.
Although some were driven by animal power, most early mills were built in rural areas at fast-flowing rivers and streams using water wheels for power. The development of viable steam engines by Boulton and Watt from 1781 led to the growth of larger, steam-powered mills allowing them to be concentrated in urban mill towns, like Manchester, which with neighbouring Salford had more than 50 mills by 1802.
The mechanisation of the spinning process in the early factories was instrumental in the growth of the machine tool industry, enabling the construction of larger cotton mills. Limited companies were developed to construct mills, and the trading floors of the cotton exchange in Manchester, created a vast commercial city. Mills generated employment, drawing workers from largely rural areas and expanding urban populations. They provided incomes for girls and women. Child labour was used in the mills, and the factory system led to organised labour. Poor conditions became the subject of expos??s, and in England, the Factory Acts were written to regulate them.
The cotton mill, originally a Lancashire phenomenon, was copied in New England and later in the southern states of America. In the 20th century, North West England lost its supremacy to the United States, then to Japan and subsequently to China.
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Manchester,industry,factory,mill,history,machines,cloth,manufacture,Lancashire,Victorian,mass production,Industrial Revolution,Textile manufacturing,Manchester factory,manufacturing cotton and cloth,cotton yarn,Cotton Mill,Cottonopolis,Inside a Manchester Cotton Mill,coning,machine,textiles,textile industry,BW,Black and White,monochrome,1970,1960,industrial,machinery,factories,Lancs,textile
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2BM3JKG - A cotton mill is a building housing spinning or weaving machinery for the production of yarn or cloth from cotton, an important product during the Industrial Revolution in the development of the factory system.
Although some were driven by animal power, most early mills were built in rural areas at fast-flowing rivers and streams using water wheels for power. The development of viable steam engines by Boulton and Watt from 1781 led to the growth of larger, steam-powered mills allowing them to be concentrated in urban mill towns, like Manchester, which with neighbouring Salford had more than 50 mills by 1802.
The mechanisation of the spinning process in the early factories was instrumental in the growth of the machine tool industry, enabling the construction of larger cotton mills. Limited companies were developed to construct mills, and the trading floors of the cotton exchange in Manchester, created a vast commercial city. Mills generated employment, drawing workers from largely rural areas and expanding urban populations. They provided incomes for girls and women. Child labour was used in the mills, and the factory system led to organised labour. Poor conditions became the subject of expos??s, and in England, the Factory Acts were written to regulate them.
The cotton mill, originally a Lancashire phenomenon, was copied in New England and later in the southern states of America. In the 20th century, North West England lost its supremacy to the United States, then to Japan and subsequently to China.
Description
Keywords: Stoke-On-Trent,SOT,on,trent,on-trent,industrial,factory,factories,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,GB,unique,bone,china,tablewear,tableware,workshops,and,giant,bottle,kilns,pot,banks,potbanks,Victorian,made,making,ceramics,Gotonysmith,SOT,Image,from,Longton,Stoke-On-Trent,Great,Britain,showing,potteries,heritage,at,the,Gladstone,Pottery,Museum,UK,English,England,Tourist,tourism,industry,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy DBHTGN - A single potbank in the yard, from Longton Stoke-On-Trent Great Britain showing potteries heritage at the Gladstone Pottery Museum
