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Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,sterling,cash,note,notes,dispensed,ATM,cash machines,in,bank,account,accounts,10,ten,pounds,less,hard,to,find,withdrawn,card,cards,debit cards,machines,Ulster,20,twenty,?20,Northern Bank,BT48 7BB,BT48,buttons,keyboard,hand,holding,holds
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2RDF3W0 -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,sterling,cash,note,notes,dispensed,ATM,cash machines,in,bank,account,accounts,10,ten,pounds,less,hard,to,find,withdrawn,card,cards,debit cards,machines,Ulster,BOI,at,Belfast,BT1 5LR,NI,BT1,County Antrim,buttons,keyboard,hand,holding,holds
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2RDF3W3 -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,England,UK,Cheshire,cash machine,Barclays ATM,blue,logo,corporate,finance,personal,banking signage,branding,high street,banking UK,loss,balances,use,losing,branch,branches,31 High Street,Northwich,CW9 5BW,CW9,blue eagle logo,identity,banking,financial,services,retail banking,infrastructure,cash withdrawal point,decline of bank branches,everyday financial services,urban streetscape
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2RCDJ32 - This image shows a Barclays cash machine set into the exterior wall of a building on High Street in Northwich, Cheshire. Above the ATM is the distinctive blue Barclays eagle logo, a long-established element of the bank's corporate branding, clearly identifying the cashpoint as part of the Barclays retail banking network.
Cash machines such as this form a visible and practical layer of everyday financial infrastructure on UK high streets, providing access to cash even as traditional bank branch services have reduced or moved online. In many towns, ATMs remain one of the last physical touchpoints between major banking institutions and the public, particularly important for older residents, small businesses, and cash-based transactions.
The photograph focuses on branding and placement rather than people, highlighting how corporate identity is embedded into the built environment. The clean, functional design of the ATM contrasts with the textured wall surface and soft daylight shadows, reinforcing the sense of routine, everyday use rather than spectacle.
In the wider context of Northwich town centre, the image reflects ongoing changes in high-street banking, where full-service branches have been rationalised but cash access points continue to play a key role. As a documentary image, it records both a recognisable global banking brand and a specific local location, making it relevant to themes of finance, retail banking, urban change, and the persistence of cash in an increasingly digital economy.
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,England,UK,British,English,Manchester,made,by,textile machinery,industrial measuring instrument,J Nesbitt,textile testing,industrial heritage,mechanical gauge,industry,textile industry,yarn testing,cotton industry,industrial instrument,pressure gauge,dial gauge,mechanical engineering,historic factory,Victorian industry,early 20th century,manufacturing history,Lancashire cotton,black and white,industrial detail,heritage machinery,calibration device,cotton,material,fabric
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2R55JCC - This image shows a Hank strength tester, a specialised industrial testing instrument manufactured by J Nesbitt of Manchester, a city historically at the heart of Britain's textile and cotton industries. The machine features a circular analogue dial gauge marked with measurement increments, connected to a system of levers and mechanical arms designed to apply controlled tension to yarn or thread samples.
Hank strength testers were used in textile mills and laboratories to assess the tensile strength of yarn, helping manufacturers maintain consistent quality in spinning and weaving processes. The visible maker's marking J Nesbitt, Manchester situates the machine firmly within the industrial heritage of Lancashire, where precision engineering supported large-scale textile production during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
The photograph is presented in black and white, emphasising surface textures, wear, and patina on the metal components. Scratches, oxidisation, and softened edges suggest long-term industrial use, reinforcing the authenticity of the object as working machinery rather than a pristine museum exhibit. The exposed mechanical linkage and weight system reflect the practical, robust design typical of early industrial measuring devices.
Images like this are commonly used to illustrate themes of industrial history, textile manufacturing, mechanical engineering, heritage machinery, and the evolution of quality control in manufacturing. The Hank strength tester stands as a reminder of Manchester's global significance during the Industrial Revolution and the skilled engineering that underpinned its dominance in textile production.
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,England,UK,British,English,Manchester,made,by,textile machinery,industrial measuring instrument,J Nesbitt,textile testing,industrial heritage,mechanical gauge,industry,textile industry,yarn testing,cotton industry,industrial instrument,pressure gauge,dial gauge,mechanical engineering,historic factory,Victorian industry,early 20th century,manufacturing history,Lancashire cotton,black and white,industrial detail,heritage machinery,calibration device,cotton,material,fabric
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2R55JCJ - This image shows a Hank strength tester, a specialised industrial testing instrument manufactured by J Nesbitt of Manchester, a city historically at the heart of Britain's textile and cotton industries. The machine features a circular analogue dial gauge marked with measurement increments, connected to a system of levers and mechanical arms designed to apply controlled tension to yarn or thread samples.
Hank strength testers were used in textile mills and laboratories to assess the tensile strength of yarn, helping manufacturers maintain consistent quality in spinning and weaving processes. The visible maker's marking J Nesbitt, Manchester situates the machine firmly within the industrial heritage of Lancashire, where precision engineering supported large-scale textile production during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
The photograph is presented in black and white, emphasising surface textures, wear, and patina on the metal components. Scratches, oxidisation, and softened edges suggest long-term industrial use, reinforcing the authenticity of the object as working machinery rather than a pristine museum exhibit. The exposed mechanical linkage and weight system reflect the practical, robust design typical of early industrial measuring devices.
Images like this are commonly used to illustrate themes of industrial history, textile manufacturing, mechanical engineering, heritage machinery, and the evolution of quality control in manufacturing. The Hank strength tester stands as a reminder of Manchester's global significance during the Industrial Revolution and the skilled engineering that underpinned its dominance in textile production.
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,evening,dance,clap,clapping,on,the,WN1,Station Road,Lancashire,England,UK,WN1 0SD,all,nighter,all-nighter,illuminated,Northern,Soul,and,other,electrical,equipment,Players,machine,rig,light,lights,lighting,last,anniversary,gig,gambling,gamble
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2R5PPB7 - The Wigan Casino was a nightclub in Wigan, England. Operating between 1973 and 1981, it became known as a primary venue for Northern soul music. It carried forward the legacy created by clubs such as the Twisted Wheel in Manchester, the Chateau Impney (Droitwich), the Catacombs (Wolverhampton) and the Golden Torch (Tunstall, Stoke-on-Trent). It remains one of the most famous clubs in Northern England. In 1978, allegedly the American music magazine Billboard voted Wigan Casino The Best Disco in the World, ahead of New York City's Studio 54. Although there is no tangible evidence of this award ever being publicised.
This England, a TV documentary about the Wigan Casino, was filmed in 1977. Russ Winstanley and Dave Nowell wrote a history of the club, Soul Survivors, The Wigan Casino Story, which was published in 1996.
Wigan Casino was the name of the last incarnation of a Wigan ballroom called the Empress. Local DJs Brian Rigby and Alan Cain approached lease owner Gerry Marshall to run all-nighters. Venue manager Mike Walker brought in Russ Winstanley, who had a DJ set at the local rugby club, to the Casino. At 2 am on Sunday 23 September 1973, Wigan Casino started its first-ever Northern soul all-nighter, with Winstanley as the DJ. After Winstanley and his helper Ian Fishwick, Kev Roberts was the third DJ at Casino all-nighters, who was quickly joined by Richard Searling Soul performers that performed there include Jackie Wilson, Edwin Starr and Junior Walker.
Young people from all over the UK regularly attended Wigan Casino to hear the latest northern soul artists and to dance. There were long queues to get in. The second dance floor, Mr M's, stayed open until 6 am and played oldies songs from a variety of DJs including Dave Evison and Steve Whittle. All-nighters generally ended with three songs that became known as the '3 before 8': Time Will Pass You By by Tobi Legend, Long After Tonight Is All Over by Jimmy Radcliffe, and I'm on My Way by Dean Parrish.
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,pound,note,notes,exchange,US,Euro,multi,withdrawal,card machine,dispenser,red,and,&,grey,multi-currency,in,Manchester,airport,travel,money,cashpoint,cash,machines,foreign,expensive,ripoff,credit,debit,cards,change,banking,banknote,British,for,Visa,Mastercard
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2PYKTF6 -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,patent,PICKS,counter,cotton weaving,England,UK,manufacturing,manufacture,George Orme,of,Oldham,OL1,Lancashire,OL1 1HD,Greater Manchester,meter,meters,check,checker,device,devices,cotton industry,gauge,gauges,count,fitted,to,a,weaving,machine,Orme,Ormes,Ltd,engineer,engineers,Cottonopolis
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2PMF2WY -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,patent,PICKS,counter,cotton weaving,England,UK,manufacturing,manufacture,George Orme,of,Oldham,OL1,Lancashire,OL1 1HD,Greater Manchester,meter,meters,check,checker,device,devices,cotton industry,gauge,gauges,count,fitted,to,a,weaving,machine,Orme,Ormes,Ltd,engineer,engineers
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2PMF2X0 -
Description
Keywords: the,atlas,ironworks,GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,machine,machinery,measure,measuring,needle,spinning,weaving,cotton,limited,Ltd,Lancashire,England,UK,Manchester,scale,scales,dial,mill,mills,Cottonopolis,Lancs,meter,meters,check,checker,device,devices,cotton industry,gauge,gauges,count
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2PMF2X1 -
Description
Keywords: the,atlas,ironworks,GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,machine,machinery,measure,measuring,needle,spinning,weaving,cotton,limited,Ltd,Lancashire,England,UK,Manchester,scale,scales,dial,mill,mills,Cottonopolis,Lancs,meter,meters,check,checker,device,devices,cotton industry,gauge,gauges,count
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2PMF2X2 -
Description
Keywords: the,atlas,ironworks,GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,machine,machinery,measure,measuring,needle,spinning,weaving,cotton,limited,Ltd,Lancashire,England,UK,Manchester,scale,scales,dial,mill,mills,Cottonopolis,Lancs,meter,meters,check,checker,device,devices,cotton industry,gauge,gauges,count
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2PMF2X3 -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,textile,Lancs,England,UK,English,mills,Cottonopolis,manufacture,Mill,Burnley,history,tourism,steam,powered,weaving,mill,loom,looms,machine,factory,Jones Textilaties,Ltd,display,cabinet,textiles,1082,Burnley Road East,Water,Rossendale,Lancashire,monochrome,BW,black and white
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2PMKDY4 -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,textile,Lancs,England,UK,English,mills,Cottonopolis,manufacture,Mill,Burnley,history,tourism,steam,powered,weaving,mill,loom,looms,machine,factory,Jones Textilaties,Ltd,display,cabinet,textiles,1082,Burnley Road East,Water,Rossendale,Lancashire,factories,system,company,business,firm
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2PMKDY5 -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,textile,Lancs,England,UK,English,mills,Cottonopolis,manufacture,Mill,Burnley,history,tourism,steam,powered,mill,BB10,NW,North West,Harle Syke,Briercliffe,BB10 2HX,Lancashire,cloth,manufacturing,cotton,room,a,flying,shuttle,Victorian,mechanical,machinery,automation,factory,system,weaving,reed
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2PMKE19 -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,textile,Lancs,England,UK,English,mills,Cottonopolis,manufacture,Mill,Burnley,history,tourism,steam,powered,mill,BB10,NW,North West,Harle Syke,Briercliffe,BB10 2HX,Lancashire,cloth,manufacturing,cotton,room,a,flying,shuttle,Victorian,mechanical,machinery,automation,factory,system
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2PMKE1C -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,textile,Lancs,England,UK,English,mills,Cottonopolis,manufacture,Mill,Burnley,history,tourism,steam,powered,weaving,mill,reed,cotton,factory,system,automation,machinery,Victorian,Briercliffe,BB10 2HX,Lancashire,Harle Syke,North West,NW,BB10,machines,engineering,standardisation
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2PMKE1H - A reed is part of a weaving loom, and resembles a comb or a frame with many vertical slits. It is used to separate and space the warp threads, to guide the shuttle's motion across the loom, and to push the weft threads into place. In most floor looms with, the reed is securely held by the beater. Floor looms and mechanized looms both use a beater with a reed, whereas Inkle weaving and tablet weaving do not use reeds.
Modern reeds are made by placing flattened strips of wire (made of carbon or stainless steel) between two half round ribs of wood, and binding the whole together with tarred string.
Historically, reeds were made of reed or split cane. The split cane was then bound between ribs of wood in the same manner as wire is now.
In 1738, John Kay replaced split cane with flattened iron or brass wire, and the change was quickly adopted.
To make a reed, wire is flattened to a uniform thickness by passing it between rollers. The flat wire is then straightened, given rounded edges, and filed smooth. The final step is to cut the wire to the correct length and assemble. The tarred cord that binds the reed together is wrapped around each set of wooden ribs and between the dents to hold the ribs together and at the correct spacing.
The length of the metal wire varies depending on the type of fabric and the type of loom being used. For a machine-powered cotton loom, the metal wires are commonly 3.5 inches (89 mm) long. For hand-powered floor looms, around 4 inches (100 mm) is common.
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,textile,Lancs,England,UK,English,mills,Cottonopolis,manufacture,Mill,Burnley,history,tourism,steam,powered,weaving,mill,reed,cotton,factory,system,automation,machinery,Victorian,Briercliffe,BB10 2HX,Lancashire,Harle Syke,North West,NW,BB10,machines,engineering,standardisation
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2PMKE3C - A reed is part of a weaving loom, and resembles a comb or a frame with many vertical slits. It is used to separate and space the warp threads, to guide the shuttle's motion across the loom, and to push the weft threads into place. In most floor looms with, the reed is securely held by the beater. Floor looms and mechanized looms both use a beater with a reed, whereas Inkle weaving and tablet weaving do not use reeds.
Modern reeds are made by placing flattened strips of wire (made of carbon or stainless steel) between two half round ribs of wood, and binding the whole together with tarred string.
Historically, reeds were made of reed or split cane. The split cane was then bound between ribs of wood in the same manner as wire is now.
In 1738, John Kay replaced split cane with flattened iron or brass wire, and the change was quickly adopted.
To make a reed, wire is flattened to a uniform thickness by passing it between rollers. The flat wire is then straightened, given rounded edges, and filed smooth. The final step is to cut the wire to the correct length and assemble. The tarred cord that binds the reed together is wrapped around each set of wooden ribs and between the dents to hold the ribs together and at the correct spacing.
The length of the metal wire varies depending on the type of fabric and the type of loom being used. For a machine-powered cotton loom, the metal wires are commonly 3.5 inches (89 mm) long. For hand-powered floor looms, around 4 inches (100 mm) is common.
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,textile,Lancs,England,UK,English,mills,Cottonopolis,manufacture,Mill,Burnley,history,tourism,steam,powered,mill,BB10,NW,North West,Harle Syke,Briercliffe,BB10 2HX,Lancashire,cloth,manufacturing,cotton,room,a,flying,shuttle,Victorian,mechanical,machinery,automation,factory,system
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2PMKE3E -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Merseyside,England,UK,L1,city,centre,Britain,GB,ripoff,rip off,charging,charge,charges,cost,to,get,notes,debit,cards,credit,expense,expensive,auto,teller,cash machine,independent,profit,economy,economically,active,local,loss,of,free,fee,fees,fee-charging
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2PJHNRJ -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,note,notes,20,pound,pounds,holding,UK,keyboard,keys,Scots,bank,dispensed,from,a,local,Automatic Teller,machine,Glasgow,Scotland,G3 8AD,G3,network,banking,of,machines,BOS,RBOS,polymer,plastic,cash,point,cashpoint,finance,finances,money,withdrawing,withdraw
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2PHJ91W - Scots 'battle' to get cash after banks and ATMs shut
Scots are facing an uphill battle to access their cash after a large number of bank and cash machine closures, a consumer organisation has warned.
Research by Which? found 339 Scottish bank branches had closed their doors since 2015, while 290 ATMs had been withdrawn in the past year.
It urged the UK government to appoint a regulator to protect access to cash.
HM Treasury said it recognised the continued importance of cash, especially for more vulnerable people.
It added the existing payment systems regulator was closely monitoring developments within ATM provision.
Which? said the closure of cash machines, the majority of which were free to use, had hit Scotland harder than other parts of the UK because of its many rural communities, combined with an already devastated bank branch network.
In Scotland, withdrawals from machines were down just 3.3% in 2017-18, compared with larger drops of 8.5% and 7.7% in London and the south east of England respectively.
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,Be Gamble Aware,Be,gamble,Aware,risk,of,gambling,gaming,bet,slot,game,casino,cash,stake,sterling,commission,review,act,arcades,betting,bingo,casinos,slot machines,and,players,customers,clients,addict,help,addictive,legislation,Westminster,government,parliament,Welsh,bank,Smartphone,Ladbrokes
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2PHEFP9 - Gambling apps more dangerous than FOBTs, study finds
Authors say outdated laws fail to protect vulnerable users from smartphone gambling
Smartphone gambling apps are more dangerous than fixed-odds betting terminals (FOBTs) for people with addiction problems because opportunities to lose money are just a tap away, a study suggests.
Gambling games on smartphones have surged in popularity in recent years, allowing high-stakes betting within the palm of its users' hands, with video game-style play making them appear harmless and introductory offers providing incentives to sign up.
Scrutiny of the gambling industry has been focused on fixed-odds betting terminals in high street bookmakers, leading the government to cut the maximum stake on the machines from ?100 to ?2, although this has yet to be implemented.
However, smartphone gambling could be more problematic for people psychologically predisposed to addiction, given how the betting games can be accessed anywhere in the UK with an internet connection, according to academics.
The study, published in the academic journal European Addiction Research, found that because users check their phones frequently throughout the day ? referred to as ?snacking' ? mobile gamblers tend to bet more often, even after suffering repeated losses.
A person uses PayPal on a laptop
Problem gamblers are using PayPal to spend up to ?150,000 a day
Read more
A common design principle in mobile gaming, as this type of gambling is referred to, is that a mix of small wins, ?near misses' and losses encourage greater levels of engagement.
Experts have previously warned that gambling companies use sophisticated techniques to ingrain their products in the lives of their users by creating psychological dependencies, nudging people into live gameplay through notifications, emails and other methods.
Notwithstanding the euphoria of winning, this can activate mechanisms in the brain akin to the effect of cocaine
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,Be Gamble Aware,Be,gamble,Aware,risk,of,gambling,gaming,bet,slot,game,casino,cash,stake,sterling,commission,review,act,arcades,betting,bingo,casinos,slot machines,and,lotteries,vulnerable,players,customers,clients,addict,help,addictive,cost,Holyrood,parliament,legislation,Smartphone,Ladbrokes
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2PHEFPC - Gambling apps more dangerous than FOBTs, study finds
Authors say outdated laws fail to protect vulnerable users from smartphone gambling
Smartphone gambling apps are more dangerous than fixed-odds betting terminals (FOBTs) for people with addiction problems because opportunities to lose money are just a tap away, a study suggests.
Gambling games on smartphones have surged in popularity in recent years, allowing high-stakes betting within the palm of its users' hands, with video game-style play making them appear harmless and introductory offers providing incentives to sign up.
Scrutiny of the gambling industry has been focused on fixed-odds betting terminals in high street bookmakers, leading the government to cut the maximum stake on the machines from ?100 to ?2, although this has yet to be implemented.
However, smartphone gambling could be more problematic for people psychologically predisposed to addiction, given how the betting games can be accessed anywhere in the UK with an internet connection, according to academics.
The study, published in the academic journal European Addiction Research, found that because users check their phones frequently throughout the day ? referred to as ?snacking' ? mobile gamblers tend to bet more often, even after suffering repeated losses.
A person uses PayPal on a laptop
Problem gamblers are using PayPal to spend up to ?150,000 a day
Read more
A common design principle in mobile gaming, as this type of gambling is referred to, is that a mix of small wins, ?near misses' and losses encourage greater levels of engagement.
Experts have previously warned that gambling companies use sophisticated techniques to ingrain their products in the lives of their users by creating psychological dependencies, nudging people into live gameplay through notifications, emails and other methods.
Notwithstanding the euphoria of winning, this can activate mechanisms in the brain akin to the effect of cocaine
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,Be Gamble Aware,Be,gamble,Aware,risk,of,gambling,gaming,bet,slot,game,casino,cash,stake,sterling,commission,review,act,arcades,betting,bingo,casinos,slot machines,and,lotteries,vulnerable,players,customers,clients,addict,help,addictive,Smartphone,Birmingham,free spins,bonus,NCGD
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2PHEG4C - Gambling apps more dangerous than FOBTs, study finds
Authors say outdated laws fail to protect vulnerable users from smartphone gambling
Smartphone gambling apps are more dangerous than fixed-odds betting terminals (FOBTs) for people with addiction problems because opportunities to lose money are just a tap away, a study suggests.
Gambling games on smartphones have surged in popularity in recent years, allowing high-stakes betting within the palm of its users' hands, with video game-style play making them appear harmless and introductory offers providing incentives to sign up.
Scrutiny of the gambling industry has been focused on fixed-odds betting terminals in high street bookmakers, leading the government to cut the maximum stake on the machines from ?100 to ?2, although this has yet to be implemented.
However, smartphone gambling could be more problematic for people psychologically predisposed to addiction, given how the betting games can be accessed anywhere in the UK with an internet connection, according to academics.
The study, published in the academic journal European Addiction Research, found that because users check their phones frequently throughout the day ? referred to as ?snacking' ? mobile gamblers tend to bet more often, even after suffering repeated losses.
A person uses PayPal on a laptop
Problem gamblers are using PayPal to spend up to ?150,000 a day
Read more
A common design principle in mobile gaming, as this type of gambling is referred to, is that a mix of small wins, ?near misses' and losses encourage greater levels of engagement.
Experts have previously warned that gambling companies use sophisticated techniques to ingrain their products in the lives of their users by creating psychological dependencies, nudging people into live gameplay through notifications, emails and other methods.
Notwithstanding the euphoria of winning, this can activate mechanisms in the brain akin to the effect of cocaine
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,Be Gamble Aware,Be,gamble,Aware,risk,of,gambling,gaming,bet,slot,game,casino,cash,stake,sterling,commission,review,act,arcades,betting,casinos,slot machines,and,lotteries,vulnerable,players,customers,clients,addict,help,addictive,cost,Holyrood,parliament,legislation,Smartphone,excitement,live
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2PHEGC2 - Gambling apps more dangerous than FOBTs, study finds
Authors say outdated laws fail to protect vulnerable users from smartphone gambling
Smartphone gambling apps are more dangerous than fixed-odds betting terminals (FOBTs) for people with addiction problems because opportunities to lose money are just a tap away, a study suggests.
Gambling games on smartphones have surged in popularity in recent years, allowing high-stakes betting within the palm of its users' hands, with video game-style play making them appear harmless and introductory offers providing incentives to sign up.
Scrutiny of the gambling industry has been focused on fixed-odds betting terminals in high street bookmakers, leading the government to cut the maximum stake on the machines from ?100 to ?2, although this has yet to be implemented.
However, smartphone gambling could be more problematic for people psychologically predisposed to addiction, given how the betting games can be accessed anywhere in the UK with an internet connection, according to academics.
The study, published in the academic journal European Addiction Research, found that because users check their phones frequently throughout the day ? referred to as ?snacking' ? mobile gamblers tend to bet more often, even after suffering repeated losses.
A person uses PayPal on a laptop
Problem gamblers are using PayPal to spend up to ?150,000 a day
Read more
A common design principle in mobile gaming, as this type of gambling is referred to, is that a mix of small wins, ?near misses' and losses encourage greater levels of engagement.
Experts have previously warned that gambling companies use sophisticated techniques to ingrain their products in the lives of their users by creating psychological dependencies, nudging people into live gameplay through notifications, emails and other methods.
Notwithstanding the euphoria of winning, this can activate mechanisms in the brain akin to the effect of cocaine
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,Be Gamble Aware,Be,gamble,Aware,risk,of,gambling,gaming,bet,slot,game,casino,cash,stake,sterling,commission,review,act,arcades,betting,bingo,casinos,slot machines,and,lotteries,vulnerable,players,customers,clients,addict,help,addictive,cost,Holyrood,parliament,legislation,Smartphone,Bet365
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2PHEGW4 - Gambling apps more dangerous than FOBTs, study finds
Authors say outdated laws fail to protect vulnerable users from smartphone gambling
Smartphone gambling apps are more dangerous than fixed-odds betting terminals (FOBTs) for people with addiction problems because opportunities to lose money are just a tap away, a study suggests.
Gambling games on smartphones have surged in popularity in recent years, allowing high-stakes betting within the palm of its users' hands, with video game-style play making them appear harmless and introductory offers providing incentives to sign up.
Scrutiny of the gambling industry has been focused on fixed-odds betting terminals in high street bookmakers, leading the government to cut the maximum stake on the machines from ?100 to ?2, although this has yet to be implemented.
However, smartphone gambling could be more problematic for people psychologically predisposed to addiction, given how the betting games can be accessed anywhere in the UK with an internet connection, according to academics.
The study, published in the academic journal European Addiction Research, found that because users check their phones frequently throughout the day ? referred to as ?snacking' ? mobile gamblers tend to bet more often, even after suffering repeated losses.
A person uses PayPal on a laptop
Problem gamblers are using PayPal to spend up to ?150,000 a day
Read more
A common design principle in mobile gaming, as this type of gambling is referred to, is that a mix of small wins, ?near misses' and losses encourage greater levels of engagement.
Experts have previously warned that gambling companies use sophisticated techniques to ingrain their products in the lives of their users by creating psychological dependencies, nudging people into live gameplay through notifications, emails and other methods.
Notwithstanding the euphoria of winning, this can activate mechanisms in the brain akin to the effect of cocaine
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,Be Gamble Aware,Be,gamble,Aware,risk,of,gambling,gaming,bet,slot,game,casino,cash,stake,sterling,commission,review,act,arcades,betting,bingo,casinos,slot machines,and,lotteries,vulnerable,players,customers,clients,addict,help,addictive,cost,Holyrood,parliament,legislation,Smartphone,Paddy Power
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2PHEH0G - Gambling apps more dangerous than FOBTs, study finds
Authors say outdated laws fail to protect vulnerable users from smartphone gambling
Smartphone gambling apps are more dangerous than fixed-odds betting terminals (FOBTs) for people with addiction problems because opportunities to lose money are just a tap away, a study suggests.
Gambling games on smartphones have surged in popularity in recent years, allowing high-stakes betting within the palm of its users' hands, with video game-style play making them appear harmless and introductory offers providing incentives to sign up.
Scrutiny of the gambling industry has been focused on fixed-odds betting terminals in high street bookmakers, leading the government to cut the maximum stake on the machines from ?100 to ?2, although this has yet to be implemented.
However, smartphone gambling could be more problematic for people psychologically predisposed to addiction, given how the betting games can be accessed anywhere in the UK with an internet connection, according to academics.
The study, published in the academic journal European Addiction Research, found that because users check their phones frequently throughout the day ? referred to as ?snacking' ? mobile gamblers tend to bet more often, even after suffering repeated losses.
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A common design principle in mobile gaming, as this type of gambling is referred to, is that a mix of small wins, ?near misses' and losses encourage greater levels of engagement.
Experts have previously warned that gambling companies use sophisticated techniques to ingrain their products in the lives of their users by creating psychological dependencies, nudging people into live gameplay through notifications, emails and other methods.
Notwithstanding the euphoria of winning, this can activate mechanisms in the brain akin to the effect of cocaine
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Surrey,Waverley,GU7 1AB,GU7,night,nighttime,time,evening,building,buildings,in,High Street,history,historic,77,High St,Godalming,GU7 1AR,branch,lost,losing,to,be,timber,framed,frame,timber-frame,National Westminster,cash machine,ATM,ornate,traditional,outside,exterior
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2PGAYGA -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Lancs,Lancashire,Greater Manchester,England,UK,history,historic,heritage,black,machines,lancs,maker,manufacturer,machine,at,Robt Broadbent,&,son,makers,Stalybridge,Patent,improved,mill,mills,1886,Eli W. Blake,Eli Whitney Blake,Westville,US Patent,U.S. patent,US20542,1858,Wigan Pier Quarter,WN3 4EF,WN3,WN34EF
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2RH9WH5 - E. W. Blake, Machine for Crushing Stone, U.S. Patent 20542, 6/15/1858
1858 Patent ? E W Blake ? Crushing Stone ? US20542
My stone breaker, so far as respects its principle, or its essential characteristics, consists of a pair of jaws, one fixed and the other movable, between which the stones are to be broken, having their acting faces nearly in an upright position, and convergent downward one toward the other in such manner that while the space between them at the top is such as to receive the stones that are to be broken, that at the bottom is only sufficient to allow the fragments to pass when broken to the required size
and giving to the movable jaw a short and powerful vibration through a small space, say one fourth of an inch, more or less. By means of this form and arrangement of the jaws, and this motion of the movable jaw, when a stone is dropped into the space between them, it falls down until its further descent is arrested between their convergent faces
the movable jaw, advancing, crushes it, then receding, liberates the fragments and they again descend, and if too large, are again crushed, and so on until all the fragments, having been sufficiently reduced, have passed out through the narrower space at the bottom.
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Avanti West Coast,tickets to everywhere,train tickets,WCML,rail travel UK,card,contactless,cash,payment,collect,collection,tickets,UK,ticket vending machine,TVM,passenger ticketing,buy tickets machine,collect tickets,debit card payment,credit card payment,cashless ticketing,singles and returns,British rail fares,public transport technology,modern rail infrastructure,documentary photography,editorial image,stations,increase,increases,fare,fares,out of order
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2R59X75 - This image shows a self-service railway ticket machine operated by Avanti West Coast at Warrington Bank Quay railway station in Cheshire. Branded with the slogan Tickets to everywhere, the machine allows passengers to purchase and collect train tickets for journeys across the UK rail network.
The ticket vending machine supports the purchase of single and return fares, as well as ticket collection for journeys booked online, reflecting the growing shift toward automated and cashless ticketing in British railway stations. Card payment facilities, on-screen instructions, and integrated printers are designed to reduce queues at staffed ticket offices and improve passenger convenience.
Warrington Bank Quay is a major interchange station on the West Coast Main Line, serving long-distance intercity services linking London with the North West, North Wales, and Scotland. Self-service machines like this play an important role in managing high passenger volumes, particularly during peak travel periods.
Photographed indoors under station lighting, the image is well suited to editorial use covering UK rail transport, passenger services, ticketing technology, public transport modernisation, and the everyday experience of travelling by train on Britain's mainline railway network.
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,cash,win,gambling,gamble,addiction,When the fun stops,stop,temptation,betting,gaming,machines,FOBT,GL50,slots,refreshments,tea,coffee,Amusement,Arcades,Amusements,dangers,danger,of,coinslot,ATM,cash machine,planning application,expansion,profit,profits,popularity,harmful,shop,shops,evening economy,leisure,Players Panel
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2K888MA -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,Roadchef,motorway service area,for,gamblers,be,at,in,slots,machines,FOBT,FOBTs,fixed odds,betting,500,?500,jackpot,cash,payout,pay out,Be Gamble Aware,BeGambleAware,addiction,addictive,habit,habits,temptation,tempted,games,compulsive,crack cocaine,Gambling Commission,control,gaming,law,supervision,No under 18,over 18,slot
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2M7JH3B -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,Roadchef,motorway service area,for,gamblers,be,at,in,slots,machines,FOBT,FOBTs,fixed odds,betting,500,?500,jackpot,cash,payout,pay out,Be Gamble Aware,BeGambleAware,addiction,addictive,habit,habits,temptation,tempted,games,compulsive,crack cocaine,Gambling Commission,control,gaming,law,supervision,slot,money laundering,Scott Benton
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2M7JH3G -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Blackpool,Lancs,Lancashire,FY1 5AA,building,Las Vegas,architecture,Prom,slots,machines,horses,drawn,horse,carriage,pink,pink carriage on The Promenade,on,the,carriages,transport,arcade,arcades,gateway to,gamble,gambling,FOBTs,Fixed Odds,betting,terminal,terminals,one armed,bandits,penny falls,pennyfalls,games,gaming,electronic
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2JRJ9TY -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Lancs,Lancashire,and,the,along,shore,beach,amusements,machine,gamble,gambling,summer,holiday,holidaymakers,busy,blue,sky,skies,arcade,pirate-themed,games,rides,casino,Family-friendly,indoor,fun park,Buccaneer,Family,pub,Restaurant,Kids Eat Free,FY1 5DW,Peggys,snack,bar
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2JRJ9W1 -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,village,pillar box,post box,postbox,Royal Mail,mail,box,sheep,cows,cow,knit,knitted,WA4,Latchford East,Cheshire,England,UK,WA4 1JY,British,English,red,funny,art,at,posting,cheery,gorilla,handicraft,handicrafts,animal,animals,wool,grey,gray,white,cash machine,exterior
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2JDDPBY -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,England,North West,UK,pillar,box,royal mail,counters,knitting,homemade,art,community,wool,English,British,posting,post,715B,Cheshire,WA4 1JY,outside,sign,exterior,post office,sub-post office,cash machine,ATM,local,mail,knit,knitted,sheep,cows,WA4,Royal Mail,postbox,post box,village
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2JGM7BY -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,Hotpixuk,@Hotpixuk,3d,9d,5d,11d,single Bury bus tickets,from 1960s,Lancashire,England,UK,bus tickets,Bury,Manchester,3pence,9pence,5pence,buses,ticket,fare,price,Preprinted bus Tickets,Preprinted tickets,Preprinted,printed ticket,Bury Corporation Transport,bus ticket printing machine,bus ticket machine,c/s,s,single,w/r,r,c/r,TIM,Bus Conductors Ticket Machine,Cirencester,Ticket Issue Machines,Ashcroft Road
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2BN388K -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,please,credit,ATM,expense,private,public,charging,non-free,withdraw,money,cash,Universal Credit,cost of living,inflation,removal,of,bank,branches,machines,note,notes,extortionate,cost,costs,to access,soaring,charges,scandal,pay-to-use,pay to use,Link,network,consumers,pay,big,price,for
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2K43PAW -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,@HotpixUK,HotpixUK,NOHO NYC,NYC,New York City,New York St Marks Place,street,New York Street,USA,America,City Centre,city,centre,center,city center,East Village,Eastvillage,ATM,Cash Machine,AutoTeller,Auto Teller,New York Travel Tourism,US Street ATM,Hyosung ATM,Saint Marks Place,Manhattan,NY,US,Street ATM,Hyosung,St Marks Place,urbn,automation,automated,dollars
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy RBF066 - A company of dedicated professionals who continually innovate automated products and self-service solutions for the financial and retail industries. And we believe we do it better than anyone else.
Why?
We invent and apply real solutions that work
We focus on excellence in customer service
We continually evolve and improve our products and ourselves
Nautilus Hyosung America is a subsidiary of South Korea Hyosung, Inc., a global leader in self-service solutions to the retail off-premises and financial institution markets. Our headquarters is located in Irving, Texas and we have research and development support at our Global Software Center in Dayton, Ohio.
Where ingenuity meets agility.
We are proud to say our software and hardware developers are ingenious, original, and inventive in applying new ideas that solve problems and meet challenges for our customers. In both business and software development, we possess the ability to rapidly and efficiently adapt to change. We think these two qualities make the ideal combination to ensure our continued success and the success of our customers.
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,@HotpixUK,HotpixUK,NOHO NYC,NYC,New York City,St Marks Place,St Marks Place NYC,street,New York Street,USA,America,City Centre,city,centre,center,city center,East Village,Eastvillage,Cash Machine,AutoTeller,street cash machine,Manhattan,New York,NY,Harlem,cash,inner city,downtown,streetart,spray,spraycan,expression,neighborhood,graffiti,art,Hip-Hop,HipHop
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy RBF071 -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,@HotpixUK,HotpixUK,NOHO NYC,NYC,New York City,St Marks Place,St Marks Place NYC,street,New York Street,USA,America,City Centre,city,centre,center,city center,East Village,Eastvillage,Cash Machine,AutoTeller,street cash machine,Manhattan,New York,NY,Harlem,cash,inner city,downtown,streetart,spray,spraycan,expression,neighborhood,graffiti,art
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy RBF074 -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,@HotpixUK,Dick,Kerr,Co,lever,silver,rolling stock,Dick Kerr controls,Dick Kerr control,United Electric Car Company,tramways,driver control handle,driver,driving,handle,Lisbon tram,Lisbon,Portugal,history,historic,machinery,machine,control,controls,English,Electric,System,chrome,chromed,finish,handles,type DBI,Form K,Preston Works,Preston,lancs,Lancashire
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy PCTA6N - Dick, Kerr and Company was a locomotive and tramcar manufacturer based in Kilmarnock, Scotland and Preston, England.
W.B. Dick and Company was founded in 1854 in Glasgow by William Bruce Dick. The company were initially oil refiners and manufacturers of paint used for coating the bottom of ships. They had depots and works in Glasgow, Liverpool, Newcastle, Barrow-in-Furness, Cardiff and Hamburg by 1890. From 1883 the company joined with John Kerr and under its new name, expanded into tramway equipment and rolling stock and built around fifty locomotives up to 1919.
In 1890 it took limited company status, as railway and tramway appliance makers and as iron and steel founders and electricians. There was a public offer of shares to acquire the engineering and contracting company of the same name - reasons given were the advancing years of the senior partner and the need for investment to expand the works at Kilmarnock including a modern iron and steel foundry.
Until the late 1890s the company had largely produced steam tram engines, but soon afterwards it became one of the largest manufacturers of electric tramway cars.
The company facilities in Preston, Lancashire, were acquired in 1893 along with the railway and tramway plant activities of Hartley, Arnoux and Fanning who had been bought out by Kerr Stuart and Company.
In 1917 they acquired the United Electric Car Company of Preston.
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,@HotpixUK,Dick,Kerr,Co,lever,silver,rolling stock,Dick Kerr controls,Dick Kerr control,United Electric Car Company,tramways,driver control handle,driver,driving,handle,Lisbon tram,Lisbon,Portugal,history,historic,machinery,machine,control,controls,English,Electric,System,chrome,chromed,finish,handles,type DBI,Form K,Preston Works,Preston,lancs,Lancashire
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy PCTA6P - Dick, Kerr and Company was a locomotive and tramcar manufacturer based in Kilmarnock, Scotland and Preston, England.
W.B. Dick and Company was founded in 1854 in Glasgow by William Bruce Dick. The company were initially oil refiners and manufacturers of paint used for coating the bottom of ships. They had depots and works in Glasgow, Liverpool, Newcastle, Barrow-in-Furness, Cardiff and Hamburg by 1890. From 1883 the company joined with John Kerr and under its new name, expanded into tramway equipment and rolling stock and built around fifty locomotives up to 1919.
In 1890 it took limited company status, as railway and tramway appliance makers and as iron and steel founders and electricians. There was a public offer of shares to acquire the engineering and contracting company of the same name - reasons given were the advancing years of the senior partner and the need for investment to expand the works at Kilmarnock including a modern iron and steel foundry.
Until the late 1890s the company had largely produced steam tram engines, but soon afterwards it became one of the largest manufacturers of electric tramway cars.
The company facilities in Preston, Lancashire, were acquired in 1893 along with the railway and tramway plant activities of Hartley, Arnoux and Fanning who had been bought out by Kerr Stuart and Company.
In 1917 they acquired the United Electric Car Company of Preston.
Description
Keywords: @HotpixUK,GoTonySmith,Yorkshire,England,Donny,Doncaster Yorkshire,town,town centre,shop,shops,retail,Danum,Roman Danum,DN1,DN1 Postcode,orange,cash machine,ATM,south Yorkshire,Bakery,International Food,Fruit Veg,Grocery,Pay point,8 Wood St,DN1 3LH,Doncaster Convenience Store,Fruit,Veg,late shop,typical independent supermarket,independent supermarket,Nisa,-Spar,OneStop,One Stop,Mini-Market,Mini Market
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy P8KEYW -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,@HotpixUK,Cashline ATM Automatic Teller Machine,Glasgow,Scotland,UK,Cashline,ATM,Automatic Teller Machine,dispensing,Scottish,sterling,Scottish Sterling,banknotes,cash machine,free to use,dispensing cash,cash,Please take your card,your,is being counted,notes,dispenses,shortage,reduction,difficulty,obtaining,poor,people,struggling,to,find,machines,NCR,keypad,card,chip,pin,hotpix.org.uk
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy P53BTJ -
Description
Keywords: Station,Cheshire,England,automation,automatic,staff,redundancies,loss,lost,jobs,positions,counter,cash,card,out,of,service,useless,not,working,Out,of,Service,Self,service,Warrington Station,Cheshire,England,TPE,trans,pennine,express,tickets,m,not working,rail ticket machine,out of service,GoTonySmith,@HotpixUK,Tony,Smith,UK,GB,Great,Britain,United,Kingdom,English,British,England,technology,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of,Images of,Stock Images,Tony Smith,United Kingdom,Great Britain,British Isles
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy H4EDM3 -
Description
Keywords: Railway,trains,buy,collect,efficient,automated,railticket,trains,cash,debit,card,cards,selfservice,Warrington,mainline,public,travel,transit,ticketting,convenient,vulnerable,fraud,vulnerability,automatic,regional,easy,vending,vend,buy,buying,automatic ticket machine,GoTonySmith,@HotpixUK,Tony,Smith,UK,GB,Great,Britain,United,Kingdom,English,British,England,national,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of,Images of,Stock Images,Tony Smith,United Kingdom,Great Britain,British Isles,Rail station,National Rail Station
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy H541P8 - Self-service ticket machines
In the UK passengers can collect your tickets free of charge from any National Rail station that has self-service ticket machines
Description
Keywords: English,British,automated,teller,cashline,cash,notes,dispensing,PIN,security,safe,crime,cashpoint,Cheshire,England,UK,grey,gray,banking,banks,bankers,cash,economy,inflation,money,bank machine,bank machines,British economy,cash machine,cash machines,cash point,high street spending,GoTonySmith,banking,banks,bankers,cash,economy,inflation,money,natwest,spending,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of,bank machine,bank machines,British economy,cash machine,cash machines,cash point,high street spending,nat west,natwest atm,natwest bank,natwest cash machine,natwest cash machines,natwest cash point,natwest cashpoint
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy F89PJ7 -
Description
Keywords: Scotland,regional,money,note,Clydesdale,bank,banks,BOS,Halifax,exotic,tourist,travel,exchange,West,Lothian,East,machine,in Edinburgh,Midlothian,Scotland,UK,GB,united,Kingdom,Great,Britain,accepted,not,unacceptable,spend,refused,refuse,Gotonysmith different to English England currency in a shopping street,high st shopping centre,cash
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy DECWAR -
Description
Keywords: Scotland,regional,money,note,Clydesdale,bank,banks,BOS,Halifax,exotic,tourist,travel,exchange,West,Lothian,East,machine,in Edinburgh,Midlothian,Scotland,UK,GB,united,Kingdom,Great,Britain,accepted,not,unacceptable,spend,refused,refuse,Gotonysmith different to English England currency in a shopping street,high st shopping centre,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of,laundering,cash
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy DECX4H -
Description
Keywords: Clydesdale,bank,ATM,cash,dispensing,machine,Scotland,UK,scottish,independance,independence,soveregn,nation,SNP,national,party,money,monetary,union,issues,problems,problem,finance,financial,vote,voting,20,10,pounds,ten,twenty,note,banknotes,official,currency,gotonysmith legal tender retail,finger,fingers,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy DG374N - While provincial banks in England and Wales lost the right to issue paper currency altogether, the practice of private banknote issue has continued in Scotland and Northern Ireland. The right of Scottish banks to issue notes is popularly attributed to the author Sir Walter Scott, who in 1826 waged a campaign to retain Scottish banknotes under the pseudonym Malachi Malagrowther.
Scott feared that the limitation on private banknotes proposed with the Bankers (Scotland) Act 1826 would be have adverse economic consequences if enacted in Scotland because gold and silver were scarce and Scottish commerce relied on small notes as the principal medium of circulating money. His action eventually halted the abolition of private banknotes in Scotland.
Scottish and Northern Irish banknotes are unusual, firstly because they are issued by retail banks, not central banks, and secondly, as they are not legal tender anywhere in the UK ? not even in Scotland or Northern Ireland ? they are in fact promissory notes.
Seven retail banks have the authority of HM Treasury to issue sterling banknotes as currency. Despite this, the notes can be refused at the discretion of recipients in England and Wales, and are often not accepted by banks and exchange bureaus outside of the United Kingdom. This is particularly true in the case of the Royal Bank of Scotland ?1 note, which is the only ?1 note to remain in circulation within the UK.
In 2000, the European Central Bank indicated that, should the United Kingdom join the euro, Scottish banks (and, by extension, Northern Ireland banks) would have to cease banknote issue. During the Financial crisis of 2007?2008, the future of private banknotes in the United Kingdom was uncertain. It has been suggested that the Banking Act 2009 would restrict the issue of banknotes by commercial banks in Scotland and Northern Ireland by removing many of the provisions of the Acts quoted above.Banks would be forced to lodge sterling.
Description
Keywords: rare,design,dusk,night,shot,nightshot,Warrington,town,centre,Cheshire,Lancashire,NW,England,UK,WA1posting,relic,history,historic,iconic,British,GB,Great,Britain,GPO,K4,designed,by,the,Post,Office,Engineering,Department,in,1927,incorporated,a,post,box,and,machines,for,buying,postage,stamps,GoTonySmith,@HotpixUK,Tony,Smith,UK,GB,Great,Britain,United,Kingdom,English,British,England,problem,with,problem with,issue with,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of,Images of,Stock Images,Tony Smith,United Kingdom,Great Britain,British Isles
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy DCE7G6 - The red telephone box, a telephone kiosk for a public telephone designed by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott, is a familiar sight on the streets of the United Kingdom, Malta, Bermuda and Gibraltar. Despite a reduction in their numbers in recent years, the traditional British red telephone box can still be seen in many places throughout the UK, and in current or former British colonies around the world. The colour red was chosen to make them easy to spot.
The red phone box is often seen as an iconic British symbol throughout the world.
K4, Post box incorporated into a red telephone box in Warrington, Cheshire, England. The vertical panels either side of the letter-slot originally housed stamp vending machines, hence the obsolete STAMPS signage.
Description
Keywords: coal,mine,mining,Manchester,lancs,Lancashire,working,works,vertical,shaft,Green,Museum,Chat,Moss,chatmoss,collieries,village,county,council,saved,by,village,A580,east,3,300,hp,twin,tandem,compound,steam,3300,surviving,headgear,house,gates,wide,shot,HDR,seams,Higher,Green,Lane,Tyldesley,Gotonysmith 3300hp Pilkington Colliery Company,trading as the Clifton and Kersley Coal Company,working,collieries,in,the,Irwell,valley,at,Clifton,Higher,Green,Lane,Astley Green,Tyldesley,Lancashire England,UK M29 7JB M297jb,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of,red machines
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy DE9ACA - On the edge of Chat Moss, in an area once full of collieries, lies the picturesque village of Astley Green. In the heart of the village stands Astley Green Colliery Museum which, but for the foresight of Lancashire County Council and several leading figures within the community, would have suffered the same fate as the other collieries in the area, total demolition. It was the uniqueness of the 3,300 hp twin tandem compound steam winding engine that brought the demolition to a halt. As the result of the intervention, the museum houses Lancashire's only surviving headgear and engine house, both of which now have listed building status.
The museum occupies some fifteen acres of the Astley Green Colliery site. To the south lies the Bridgewater Canal and Astley Moss, an important mossland site. The low-lying landscape ensures that the museum's 98ft high lattice steel headgear can be seen for many miles, a fitting memorial to days now past.
Description
Keywords: coal,mine,mining,Manchester,lancs,Lancashire,working,works,vertical,shaft,Green,Museum,Chat,Moss,chatmoss,collieries,village,county,council,saved,by,village,A580,east,3,300,hp,twin,tandem,compound,steam,3300,surviving,headgear,house,gates,wide,shot,HDR,seams,Higher,Green,Lane,Tyldesley,Gotonysmith 3300hp Pilkington Colliery Company,trading as the Clifton and Kersley Coal Company,working,collieries,in,the,Irwell,valley,at,Clifton,Higher,Green,Lane,Astley Green,Tyldesley,Lancashire England,UK M29 7JB M297jb,machine,machines,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of,Red Machine
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy DE9ADW - On the edge of Chat Moss, in an area once full of collieries, lies the picturesque village of Astley Green. In the heart of the village stands Astley Green Colliery Museum which, but for the foresight of Lancashire County Council and several leading figures within the community, would have suffered the same fate as the other collieries in the area, total demolition. It was the uniqueness of the 3,300 hp twin tandem compound steam winding engine that brought the demolition to a halt. As the result of the intervention, the museum houses Lancashire's only surviving headgear and engine house, both of which now have listed building status.
The museum occupies some fifteen acres of the Astley Green Colliery site. To the south lies the Bridgewater Canal and Astley Moss, an important mossland site. The low-lying landscape ensures that the museum's 98ft high lattice steel headgear can be seen for many miles, a fitting memorial to days now past.
Description
Keywords: coal,mine,mining,Manchester,lancs,Lancashire,working,works,vertical,shaft,Green,Museum,Chat,Moss,chatmoss,collieries,village,county,council,saved,by,village,A580,east,3,300,hp,twin,tandem,compound,steam,3300,surviving,headgear,house,gates,wide,shot,HDR,seams,Higher,Green,Lane,Tyldesley,Gotonysmith 3300hp Pilkington Colliery Company,trading as the Clifton and Kersley Coal Company,working,collieries,in,the,Irwell,valley,at,Clifton,Higher,Green,Lane,Astley Green,Tyldesley,Lancashire England,UK M29 7JB M297jb,machine,machines,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy DE9AE7 - On the edge of Chat Moss, in an area once full of collieries, lies the picturesque village of Astley Green. In the heart of the village stands Astley Green Colliery Museum which, but for the foresight of Lancashire County Council and several leading figures within the community, would have suffered the same fate as the other collieries in the area, total demolition. It was the uniqueness of the 3,300 hp twin tandem compound steam winding engine that brought the demolition to a halt. As the result of the intervention, the museum houses Lancashire's only surviving headgear and engine house, both of which now have listed building status.
The museum occupies some fifteen acres of the Astley Green Colliery site. To the south lies the Bridgewater Canal and Astley Moss, an important mossland site. The low-lying landscape ensures that the museum's 98ft high lattice steel headgear can be seen for many miles, a fitting memorial to days now past.
Description
Keywords: coal,mine,mining,Manchester,lancs,Lancashire,working,works,vertical,shaft,Green,Museum,Chat,Moss,chatmoss,collieries,village,county,council,saved,by,village,A580,east,3,300,hp,twin,tandem,compound,steam,3300,surviving,headgear,house,gates,wide,shot,HDR,seams,Higher,Green,Lane,Tyldesley,Gotonysmith 3300hp Pilkington Colliery Company,trading as the Clifton and Kersley Coal Company,working,collieries,in,the,Irwell,valley,at,Clifton,Higher,Green,Lane,Astley Green,Tyldesley,Lancashire England,UK M29 7JB M297jb,machine,machines,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy DE9AEM - On the edge of Chat Moss, in an area once full of collieries, lies the picturesque village of Astley Green. In the heart of the village stands Astley Green Colliery Museum which, but for the foresight of Lancashire County Council and several leading figures within the community, would have suffered the same fate as the other collieries in the area, total demolition. It was the uniqueness of the 3,300 hp twin tandem compound steam winding engine that brought the demolition to a halt. As the result of the intervention, the museum houses Lancashire's only surviving headgear and engine house, both of which now have listed building status.
The museum occupies some fifteen acres of the Astley Green Colliery site. To the south lies the Bridgewater Canal and Astley Moss, an important mossland site. The low-lying landscape ensures that the museum's 98ft high lattice steel headgear can be seen for many miles, a fitting memorial to days now past.
Description
Keywords: coal,mine,mining,Manchester,lancs,Lancashire,working,works,vertical,shaft,Green,Museum,Chat,Moss,chatmoss,collieries,village,county,council,saved,by,village,A580,east,3,300,hp,twin,tandem,compound,steam,3300,surviving,headgear,house,gates,wide,shot,HDR,seams,Higher,Green,Lane,Tyldesley,Gotonysmith 3300hp Pilkington Colliery Company,trading as the Clifton and Kersley Coal Company,working,collieries,in,the,Irwell,valley,at,Clifton,Higher,Green,Lane,Astley Green,Tyldesley,Lancashire England,UK M29 7JB M297jb,machine,machines,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy DE9AJK - On the edge of Chat Moss, in an area once full of collieries, lies the picturesque village of Astley Green. In the heart of the village stands Astley Green Colliery Museum which, but for the foresight of Lancashire County Council and several leading figures within the community, would have suffered the same fate as the other collieries in the area, total demolition. It was the uniqueness of the 3,300 hp twin tandem compound steam winding engine that brought the demolition to a halt. As the result of the intervention, the museum houses Lancashire's only surviving headgear and engine house, both of which now have listed building status.
The museum occupies some fifteen acres of the Astley Green Colliery site. To the south lies the Bridgewater Canal and Astley Moss, an important mossland site. The low-lying landscape ensures that the museum's 98ft high lattice steel headgear can be seen for many miles, a fitting memorial to days now past.
Description
Keywords: coal,mine,mining,Manchester,lancs,Lancashire,working,works,vertical,shaft,Green,Museum,Chat,Moss,chatmoss,collieries,village,county,council,saved,by,village,A580,east,3,300,hp,twin,tandem,compound,steam,3300,surviving,headgear,house,gates,wide,shot,HDR,seams,Higher,Green,Lane,Tyldesley,Gotonysmith 3300hp Pilkington Colliery Company,trading as the Clifton and Kersley Coal Company,working,collieries,in,the,Irwell,valley,at,Clifton,Higher,Green,Lane,Astley Green,Tyldesley,Lancashire England,UK M29 7JB M297jb,machine,machines,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy DE9AK3 - On the edge of Chat Moss, in an area once full of collieries, lies the picturesque village of Astley Green. In the heart of the village stands Astley Green Colliery Museum which, but for the foresight of Lancashire County Council and several leading figures within the community, would have suffered the same fate as the other collieries in the area, total demolition. It was the uniqueness of the 3,300 hp twin tandem compound steam winding engine that brought the demolition to a halt. As the result of the intervention, the museum houses Lancashire's only surviving headgear and engine house, both of which now have listed building status.
The museum occupies some fifteen acres of the Astley Green Colliery site. To the south lies the Bridgewater Canal and Astley Moss, an important mossland site. The low-lying landscape ensures that the museum's 98ft high lattice steel headgear can be seen for many miles, a fitting memorial to days now past.
Description
Keywords: coal,mine,mining,Manchester,lancs,Lancashire,working,works,vertical,shaft,Green,Museum,Chat,Moss,chatmoss,collieries,village,county,council,saved,by,village,A580,east,3,300,hp,twin,tandem,compound,steam,3300,surviving,headgear,house,gates,wide,shot,HDR,seams,Higher,Green,Lane,Tyldesley,Gotonysmith 3300hp Pilkington Colliery Company,trading as the Clifton and Kersley Coal Company,working,collieries,in,the,Irwell,valley,at,Clifton,Higher,Green,Lane,Astley Green,Tyldesley,Lancashire England,UK M29 7JB M297jb,machine,machines,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy DE9AKM - On the edge of Chat Moss, in an area once full of collieries, lies the picturesque village of Astley Green. In the heart of the village stands Astley Green Colliery Museum which, but for the foresight of Lancashire County Council and several leading figures within the community, would have suffered the same fate as the other collieries in the area, total demolition. It was the uniqueness of the 3,300 hp twin tandem compound steam winding engine that brought the demolition to a halt. As the result of the intervention, the museum houses Lancashire's only surviving headgear and engine house, both of which now have listed building status.
The museum occupies some fifteen acres of the Astley Green Colliery site. To the south lies the Bridgewater Canal and Astley Moss, an important mossland site. The low-lying landscape ensures that the museum's 98ft high lattice steel headgear can be seen for many miles, a fitting memorial to days now past.
Description
Keywords: coal,mine,mining,Manchester,lancs,Lancashire,working,works,vertical,shaft,Green,Museum,Chat,Moss,chatmoss,collieries,village,county,council,saved,by,village,A580,east,3,300,hp,twin,tandem,compound,steam,3300,surviving,headgear,house,gates,wide,shot,HDR,seams,Higher,Green,Lane,Tyldesley,Gotonysmith 3300hp Pilkington Colliery Company,trading as the Clifton and Kersley Coal Company,working,collieries,in,the,Irwell,valley,at,Clifton,Higher,Green,Lane,Astley Green,Tyldesley,Lancashire England,UK M29 7JB M297jb,machine,machines,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy DE9AM6 - On the edge of Chat Moss, in an area once full of collieries, lies the picturesque village of Astley Green. In the heart of the village stands Astley Green Colliery Museum which, but for the foresight of Lancashire County Council and several leading figures within the community, would have suffered the same fate as the other collieries in the area, total demolition. It was the uniqueness of the 3,300 hp twin tandem compound steam winding engine that brought the demolition to a halt. As the result of the intervention, the museum houses Lancashire's only surviving headgear and engine house, both of which now have listed building status.
The museum occupies some fifteen acres of the Astley Green Colliery site. To the south lies the Bridgewater Canal and Astley Moss, an important mossland site. The low-lying landscape ensures that the museum's 98ft high lattice steel headgear can be seen for many miles, a fitting memorial to days now past.
Description
Keywords: Putting,a,green,Lloyds,account,card,into,a,co-op,cash,machine,green,gotonysmith,England,UK,United,Kingdom,push,pushing,chip,and,pin,hand,finger,ATM,cashmachine,Magnetic,strip,plastic,plasticcard,creditcard,credit,debit,mastercard,gotonysmith,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy D91FGW - Putting a Nationwide account card into a co-op cash machine yellow
Description
Keywords: Putting,a,Nationwide,account,card,into,a,co-op,cash,machine,yellow,gotonysmith,England,UK,United,Kingdom,push,pushing,chip,and,pin,hand,finger,ATM,cashmachine,Magnetic,strip,plastic,plasticcard,creditcard,credit,debit,gotonysmith,Buy Pictures of,ATMs,closed,reduced,availability,local,to use,using
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy D91FHM - Putting a yellow Nationwide account card into a co-op cash machine
Description
Keywords: Putting,a,Nationwide,account,card,into,a,co-op,cash,machine,yellow,gotonysmith,England,UK,United,Kingdom,push,pushing,chip,and,pin,hand,finger,ATM,cashmachine,Magnetic,strip,plastic,plasticcard,creditcard,credit,debit,gotonysmith,Buy Pictures of,ATMs,closed,reduced,availability,local,to use,using
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy D91FJ0 - Putting a yellow Nationwide account card into a co-op cash machine
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Manchester,industry,factory,mill,history,machines,cloth,manufacture,Lancashire,Victorian,mass production,Industrial Revolution,Textile manufacturing,Manchester factory,manufacturing cotton and cloth,cotton yarn,Cotton Mill,Cottonopolis,Inside a Manchester Cotton Mill,loom,making cotton cloth,making fabric,weaved,looms,mechanical,system,industrial,historic,preserved,being,produced,calico,card
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2BM3JK0 - A cotton mill is a building housing spinning or weaving machinery for the production of yarn or cloth from cotton, an important product during the Industrial Revolution in the development of the factory system.
Although some were driven by animal power, most early mills were built in rural areas at fast-flowing rivers and streams using water wheels for power. The development of viable steam engines by Boulton and Watt from 1781 led to the growth of larger, steam-powered mills allowing them to be concentrated in urban mill towns, like Manchester, which with neighbouring Salford had more than 50 mills by 1802.
The mechanisation of the spinning process in the early factories was instrumental in the growth of the machine tool industry, enabling the construction of larger cotton mills. Limited companies were developed to construct mills, and the trading floors of the cotton exchange in Manchester, created a vast commercial city. Mills generated employment, drawing workers from largely rural areas and expanding urban populations. They provided incomes for girls and women. Child labour was used in the mills, and the factory system led to organised labour. Poor conditions became the subject of expos??s, and in England, the Factory Acts were written to regulate them.
The cotton mill, originally a Lancashire phenomenon, was copied in New England and later in the southern states of America. In the 20th century, North West England lost its supremacy to the United States, then to Japan and subsequently to China.
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Manchester,industry,factory,mill,history,machines,cloth,manufacture,Lancashire,Victorian,mass production,Industrial Revolution,Textile manufacturing,Manchester factory,manufacturing cotton and cloth,cotton yarn,Cotton Mill,Cottonopolis,Inside a Manchester Cotton Mill,making cotton thread,spin,spinning,of,cotton,fibre,fibres,historic,machine,machinery,industrial,labour,multi,multiple,bobbins
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2BM3JK6 - A cotton mill is a building housing spinning or weaving machinery for the production of yarn or cloth from cotton, an important product during the Industrial Revolution in the development of the factory system.
Although some were driven by animal power, most early mills were built in rural areas at fast-flowing rivers and streams using water wheels for power. The development of viable steam engines by Boulton and Watt from 1781 led to the growth of larger, steam-powered mills allowing them to be concentrated in urban mill towns, like Manchester, which with neighbouring Salford had more than 50 mills by 1802.
The mechanisation of the spinning process in the early factories was instrumental in the growth of the machine tool industry, enabling the construction of larger cotton mills. Limited companies were developed to construct mills, and the trading floors of the cotton exchange in Manchester, created a vast commercial city. Mills generated employment, drawing workers from largely rural areas and expanding urban populations. They provided incomes for girls and women. Child labour was used in the mills, and the factory system led to organised labour. Poor conditions became the subject of expos??s, and in England, the Factory Acts were written to regulate them.
The cotton mill, originally a Lancashire phenomenon, was copied in New England and later in the southern states of America. In the 20th century, North West England lost its supremacy to the United States, then to Japan and subsequently to China.
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Manchester,industry,factory,mill,history,machines,cloth,manufacture,Lancashire,Victorian,Manchester factory,manufacturing cotton and cloth,cotton yarn,Cotton Mill,Cottonopolis,Inside a Manchester Cotton Mill,clothes horse,dummy,lay figure,dress form,life-sized,dolls,doll,dressmakers,dress forms,model,textile,manufacturing,decline,recession,outsourcing,outsourced,fast,fashion,shape,shapely,feminine
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2BM3JKR - A cotton mill is a building housing spinning or weaving machinery for the production of yarn or cloth from cotton, an important product during the Industrial Revolution in the development of the factory system.
Although some were driven by animal power, most early mills were built in rural areas at fast-flowing rivers and streams using water wheels for power. The development of viable steam engines by Boulton and Watt from 1781 led to the growth of larger, steam-powered mills allowing them to be concentrated in urban mill towns, like Manchester, which with neighbouring Salford had more than 50 mills by 1802.
The mechanisation of the spinning process in the early factories was instrumental in the growth of the machine tool industry, enabling the construction of larger cotton mills. Limited companies were developed to construct mills, and the trading floors of the cotton exchange in Manchester, created a vast commercial city. Mills generated employment, drawing workers from largely rural areas and expanding urban populations. They provided incomes for girls and women. Child labour was used in the mills, and the factory system led to organised labour. Poor conditions became the subject of expos??s, and in England, the Factory Acts were written to regulate them.
The cotton mill, originally a Lancashire phenomenon, was copied in New England and later in the southern states of America. In the 20th century, North West England lost its supremacy to the United States, then to Japan and subsequently to China.
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Cotton,Manchester,industry,factory,mill,history,machines,cloth,manufacture,Lancashire,factory system,Victorian,rust,letters,lettering,Pound spelt out,Pound spelled out,Pounds spelled out,imperial,measure,measures,Pounds,ounces,ounce,rusty,rusting,pound,pounding,weight,weights,industrial,pressure,impression
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2BM3JM5 -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Cotton,Manchester,industry,factory,mill,history,machines,cloth,manufacture,Lancashire,factory system,Victorian,mass production,Industrial Revolution,Textile manufacturing,brown,label,labeled,Oldham,cotton canister,tube,Noton Oldham,S Noton,S.Moton Ltd Oldham Eng,Eng,tall,can,canister,textile bin,textile,S.Noton of Oldham,S. Noton and Sons,Noton and Sons,Fibre and Metal Works,Goddard Street
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2BM3JMD -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Cotton,Manchester,industry,factory,mill,history,machines,cloth,manufacture,Lancashire,Victorian,ink,England,Uk,pots,school,office,offices,historic,heritage,moody,old,fashioned,old-fashioned,pen,pens,quill,quills,olden,times,dark,wood,wooden
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2BM3JNT -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Cotton,Manchester,industry,factory,mill,history,machines,cloth,Lancashire,factory system,Victorian,average weights,ledger,Cottonopolis,Book,average,weights,produced,output,office,in the office,operations,estimated,product,statistics,ruled,sustainable,work,ledgers,record,database,book,books,stamp,stamps,inked
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2BM3JPD -
Description
Keywords: HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,GoTonySmith,Manchester,plate,manufacturer,Lancashire,England,UK,Lancs,Union Iron Works,union,Union,Iron Works,Allen,Port Street,Port St,machine,machinery,machines,engineer,engineers,merchant,green,cast,iron,history,heritage,ancient,worn out,used,British,Victoria,the,past,collectable,collectables,artefact,artefacts,English
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2BKC2FE -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,hand,holding,note,notes,fresh,dispensed,from,a,cash,machine,Dublin,Eire,Irish,European,shortage,in,of,disappearing,being,removed,closed,automated,teller,machines,ATMs,Republics,network,Republic,Central Bank,ownership,retail,banks,bank,branches,Department of Finance,Retail Banking Review public consultation
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2PJ0YXD - Cash use has been declining in Ireland in recent years, in particular during the pandemic. Central Bank statistics indicate that Irish ATM withdrawals were ?13 billion in 2021, compared to ?19.7 billion in 2019, a decline of 34 per cent.
The value of such withdrawals is now at about two-thirds of pre-pandemic levels, albeit they remain relatively stable at ?1 billion per month.
Central Bank raises concerns at sale of Republic's ATM network
Regulator says 75% of network will be under control of unregulated entities by end of year as banks sell up
The Central Bank has raised concerns with the Government that three-quarters of Ireland's ATM network will no longer be under the control of retail banks by the end of the year.
The issue of the ATM network and the closure of bricks and mortar bank branches has been a political hot potato for the Government due to concerns around how older and more vulnerable cohorts of society might cope with such changes.
The regulator has outlined concerns on the matter in a submission to the Department of Finance's Retail Banking Review public consultation.
It said retail banks are selling their off-site ATMs to independent ATM deployers which, it noted, are unregulated. Just 25 per cent of Ireland's ATM network will be owned by retail banks by the end of the year compared to 100 per cent in 2015, it said.
In-branch services are also reducing, it said, with the number of bank branches countrywide set to reduce by 32 per cent compared to 2019.
The trend towards the withdrawal of cash and other in-branch services is being driven by commercial decision making, it said. We expect banks to ensure that the impact of their decisions are considered carefully and with a consumer-focused approach. The impact for all consumers, including those who are vulnerable, must be assessed by banks, to ensure changes to branches and in-branch services are undertaken in an orderly manner. We expect that vulnerable customers will be accomodated
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,note,notes,pound,pounds,holding,UK,keyboard,keys,Scots,bank,dispensed,from,a,local,Automatic Teller,machine,Glasgow,Scotland,G3,network,banking,of,machines,BOS,RBOS,polymer,plastic,cash,point,cashpoint,finance,finances,money,withdraw,fiscal,union,independence
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2PHJ91T - Scotland sees steepest fall in cash machine withdrawals in 2021
Data from the UK's main cash machine network reveals that ATM transactions fell by up to 68% during the first national lockdown
The UK's main cash machine network LINK has published data showing that despite a 37% fall in ATM transactions in 2020, UK adults on average still withdrew more than ?1,500 each from cash machines.
Scotland saw the steepest fall, with adults withdrawing almost ?900 less than they did in 2019.
On average, UK adults visited ATMs 12 times less in 2020 than they did in 2019.
In recent years, as consumers use alternative payment methods such as contactless cards or online payments, ATM transactions have fallen on average around 10% year-on-year.
However, in April 2020, when the UK went into the first national lockdown, ATM transactions fell initially by up to 68%.
Despite subsequent lockdowns, on average more than ?1.6bn was still withdrawn for cash machines every week for the rest of 2020.
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Cotton,Manchester,industry,factory,mill,history,machines,cloth,manufacture,factory system,Victorian,reel,machine,Lancashire Cotton,mills,BW,Black,White,black and white,cotton industry,UK,British,Cotton-spinning machinery,mass production,Industrial Revolution,Textile manufacturing,factory floor,working,reels,multiple,spin,spins,yarn,bobbins,cheeses
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2BM3JMK - Cotton-spinning machinery refers to machines which process (or spin) prepared cotton roving into workable yarn or thread. Such machinery can be dated back centuries. During the 18th and 19th centuries, as part of the Industrial Revolution cotton-spinning machinery was developed to bring mass production to the cotton industry. Cotton spinning machinery was installed in large factories, commonly known as cotton mills.
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Merseyside,England,UK,experience,gamble,gambling,fixed odds,betting,terminals,bandit,one armed,L1 1EF,L1,14-16,high street,machines,Novomatic,money,laundering,cash,bets,FOBT,FOBTS,slot,slots,machine,Admiral casino,shop,shops,centre,amusement,centres,gaming,facility,facilities
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2P4JY30 - Novomatic is an international gambling company based in Austria, founded by Johann Graf in 1980
Novomatic operates about 2,000 casinos and other gaming facilities in about 50 countries, many of them under the Admiral Casino brand. It also offers online gambling, and produces slot machines and other technology for the gaming industry. As of 2021, it has about 21,000 employees and annual revenue of ?1.8 billion
Johann Graf initially partnered with Gerhard Brodnik in the 1970s to start Brodnik & Graf, a company that was importing pinball machines from Belgium. In 1980, Brodnik decided to quit, and Graf oriented towards producing gambling machines under the Admiral brand. A number of Admiral branded casinos were opened. Novomatic expanded globally during the decade and vastly improved the technology. It was among the first gambling equipment manufacturers to use touch screen technology.
In 2010, Novomatic expanded into online gambling business by acquiring controlling stake in London based Greentube studio. Greentube, in addition to their original content, is the main online publisher of already established Novomatic slot games. Greentube then purchased Canadian based Bluebat Games studio in 2015 to further expand its online presence.
Instant win and digital scratchcard provider, Gamevy, formed a partnership with Novomatic subsidiary, Novomatic Lottery Solutions (NLS), in November 2016. The tie-up presents NLS with an opportunity to focus on the broader lottery demographic.
This segment accounts for 56% of the company's revenues as of 2021, with the bulk of the business coming from Austria, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, and Eastern Europe.
United Kingdom
Admiral casino, King Street, Hammersmith, London
Novomatic operates Admiral Casino in the United Kingdom, a brand that includes a licensed online casino, as well as a chain of more than 200 gambling venues in the UK operated by Luxury Leisure. Its online casino includes slots, jackpot games, roulette, b
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,Be Gamble Aware,Be,gamble,Aware,risk,of,gambling,gaming,bet,slot,game,casino,cash,stake,sterling,commission,review,act,arcades,betting,bingo,casinos,slot machines,and,lotteries,vulnerable,players,customers,clients,addict,help,addictive,cost,Holyrood,parliament,legislation,Smartphone,free spins
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2PHEFRH - Gambling apps more dangerous than FOBTs, study finds
Authors say outdated laws fail to protect vulnerable users from smartphone gambling
Smartphone gambling apps are more dangerous than fixed-odds betting terminals (FOBTs) for people with addiction problems because opportunities to lose money are just a tap away, a study suggests.
Gambling games on smartphones have surged in popularity in recent years, allowing high-stakes betting within the palm of its users' hands, with video game-style play making them appear harmless and introductory offers providing incentives to sign up.
Scrutiny of the gambling industry has been focused on fixed-odds betting terminals in high street bookmakers, leading the government to cut the maximum stake on the machines from ?100 to ?2, although this has yet to be implemented.
However, smartphone gambling could be more problematic for people psychologically predisposed to addiction, given how the betting games can be accessed anywhere in the UK with an internet connection, according to academics.
The study, published in the academic journal European Addiction Research, found that because users check their phones frequently throughout the day ? referred to as ?snacking' ? mobile gamblers tend to bet more often, even after suffering repeated losses.
A person uses PayPal on a laptop
Problem gamblers are using PayPal to spend up to ?150,000 a day
Read more
A common design principle in mobile gaming, as this type of gambling is referred to, is that a mix of small wins, ?near misses' and losses encourage greater levels of engagement.
Experts have previously warned that gambling companies use sophisticated techniques to ingrain their products in the lives of their users by creating psychological dependencies, nudging people into live gameplay through notifications, emails and other methods.
Notwithstanding the euphoria of winning, this can activate mechanisms in the brain akin to the effect of cocaine
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Cotton,Manchester,industry,factory,mill,history,machines,cloth,manufacture,Lancashire,factory system,Victorian,wooden,wood,toilet seat,W.C.,WC,Water Closet,with toilet paper,toilet paper,toilet,privy,number one,number two,waste,personal hygiene,hygiene,sewage,Thomas Crapper,Crapper,crap,Non-flushing,water closets,unsanitary conditions,bowl,seat,poverty
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2BM3JP6 - Non-flushing water closets?portable pieces of furniture with removable containers for waste?became the standard in pre-Victorian Britain, though many households continued to rely on the backyard privy. The problem of waste disposal?whether from a chamber pot or from an overused hole in the ground?remained.
The Victorians made the connection between unsanitary conditions and disease that the Elizabethans hadn't and developed municipal sewer systems to try to keep their cities cleaner. The problem was that they didn't have a good way of connecting individual households to the system. Non-flushing water closets could be dressed up, but their contents couldn't be taken out. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries (about the same time the sewers were built), English patents were granted for several different types of water-closet valves, but their flushing actions were pretty inefficient. The wall mounted cistern that became popular in the 1870s vastly improved the situation because it provided a large volume of water under more pressure. Water-closet bowls remained a problem, though, because their rudimentary traps didn't do a very good job of either letting waste go down the drain or keeping sewer gases out of the building. At first these bowls were made of earthenware and glazed with sometimes-elaborate designs. In 1885, Thomas Twyford built the first vitreous china toilet, inspiring competition from other notable English potteries such as Wedgwood and Doulton
it wasn't long before vitreous china became the standard for the fledgling industry.
American inventors were also seeking solutions to the problem of building a sanitary water closet. As early as 1875, James Henry and William Campbell patented a plunger-type water closet
over the next 50 or so years more than 350 applications for patents for various types of water-closet designs were received by the U.S. patent office. In 1907
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,hand,holding,note,notes,fresh,dispensed,from,a,cash,machine,Dublin,Eire,Irish,European,shortage,in,of,disappearing,being,removed,closed,automated,teller,machines,ATMs,Republics,network,Republic,Central Bank,ownership,retail,banks,bank,branches,Department of Finance,Retail Banking Review public consultation
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2PJ0YXH - Cash use has been declining in Ireland in recent years, in particular during the pandemic. Central Bank statistics indicate that Irish ATM withdrawals were ?13 billion in 2021, compared to ?19.7 billion in 2019, a decline of 34 per cent.
The value of such withdrawals is now at about two-thirds of pre-pandemic levels, albeit they remain relatively stable at ?1 billion per month.
Central Bank raises concerns at sale of Republic's ATM network
Regulator says 75% of network will be under control of unregulated entities by end of year as banks sell up
The Central Bank has raised concerns with the Government that three-quarters of Ireland's ATM network will no longer be under the control of retail banks by the end of the year.
The issue of the ATM network and the closure of bricks and mortar bank branches has been a political hot potato for the Government due to concerns around how older and more vulnerable cohorts of society might cope with such changes.
The regulator has outlined concerns on the matter in a submission to the Department of Finance's Retail Banking Review public consultation.
It said retail banks are selling their off-site ATMs to independent ATM deployers which, it noted, are unregulated. Just 25 per cent of Ireland's ATM network will be owned by retail banks by the end of the year compared to 100 per cent in 2015, it said.
In-branch services are also reducing, it said, with the number of bank branches countrywide set to reduce by 32 per cent compared to 2019.
The trend towards the withdrawal of cash and other in-branch services is being driven by commercial decision making, it said. We expect banks to ensure that the impact of their decisions are considered carefully and with a consumer-focused approach. The impact for all consumers, including those who are vulnerable, must be assessed by banks, to ensure changes to branches and in-branch services are undertaken in an orderly manner. We expect that vulnerable customers will be accomodated
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,note,notes,20,pound,pounds,holding,UK,keyboard,keys,English,BoE,Bank of England,NE1,local,bank,Automatic Teller,dispensed,from,a,machine,network,banking,of,machines,cash,point,cashpoint,finance,finances,money,withdrawing,withdraw,free withdrawals,fresh,10
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2PHJ91P - Amount withdrawn from cash machines fell EVEN further last year and expert says usage will never return to pre-pandemic levels
Number of cash withdrawals fell 6% last year after 40% collapse in 2020
The average Briton withdrew a third less cash last year than they did in 2019
One expert says number of withdrawals won't return to pre-covid levels
People continued to use less cash last year with new figures showing the number of withdrawals from ATMs fell 6 per cent annually.
A total of ?79billion was withdrawn from cash machines in 2021 compared to ?81billion in 2020, according to data by Link, the UK's main cash machine network.
There was also a 7 per cent decline in cash machine transactions last year, which includes withdrawals and balance enquiries, falling from just over 1.6billion to 1.5billion.
This means the average withdrawal per person in the UK was ?1,462 last year, visiting an ATM around 18 times.
In 2019, prior to the pandemic, the average withdrawal per person in the UK was ?2,193 meaning the typical person is withdrawing two thirds of what they were before Covid-19, when the advice was to not use cash but contactless debit and credit card payments instead
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,Be Gamble Aware,Be,gamble,Aware,risk,of,gambling,gaming,bet,slot,game,casino,cash,stake,sterling,commission,review,act,arcades,betting,bingo,casinos,slot machines,and,lotteries,players,customers,clients,addict,help,addictive,legislation,Westminster,government,parliament,Welsh,bank,Smartphone
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2PHEH5M - Gambling apps more dangerous than FOBTs, study finds
Authors say outdated laws fail to protect vulnerable users from smartphone gambling
Smartphone gambling apps are more dangerous than fixed-odds betting terminals (FOBTs) for people with addiction problems because opportunities to lose money are just a tap away, a study suggests.
Gambling games on smartphones have surged in popularity in recent years, allowing high-stakes betting within the palm of its users' hands, with video game-style play making them appear harmless and introductory offers providing incentives to sign up.
Scrutiny of the gambling industry has been focused on fixed-odds betting terminals in high street bookmakers, leading the government to cut the maximum stake on the machines from ?100 to ?2, although this has yet to be implemented.
However, smartphone gambling could be more problematic for people psychologically predisposed to addiction, given how the betting games can be accessed anywhere in the UK with an internet connection, according to academics.
The study, published in the academic journal European Addiction Research, found that because users check their phones frequently throughout the day ? referred to as ?snacking' ? mobile gamblers tend to bet more often, even after suffering repeated losses.
A person uses PayPal on a laptop
Problem gamblers are using PayPal to spend up to ?150,000 a day
Read more
A common design principle in mobile gaming, as this type of gambling is referred to, is that a mix of small wins, ?near misses' and losses encourage greater levels of engagement.
Experts have previously warned that gambling companies use sophisticated techniques to ingrain their products in the lives of their users by creating psychological dependencies, nudging people into live gameplay through notifications, emails and other methods.
Notwithstanding the euphoria of winning, this can activate mechanisms in the brain akin to the effect of cocaine
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,@HotpixUK,HotpixUK,NOHO NYC,NYC,New York City,St Marks Place,St Marks Place NYC,street,New York Street,USA,America,City Centre,city,centre,center,city center,East Village,Eastvillage,Cash Machine,AutoTeller,street cash machine,Manhattan,New York,NY,Harlem,cash,neighborhood,graffiti,art,attraction,tourist,tourism,streets,24 hrs,24 hours,on,rough,money,bank card
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy RBF07B -
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Manchester,industry,factory,history,machines,cloth,manufacture,Lancashire,Victorian,mass production,Industrial Revolution,Textile manufacturing,Manchester factory,manufacturing cotton and cloth,cotton yarn,Cotton Mill,Cottonopolis,Inside a Manchester Cotton Mill,1948 Roto-Coner machine,1948,Roto-Coner,machine,RotoConer machine,Roto-Coner machine,industrial,machinery,factories,Lancs,textile,automation,system,spin,spinning
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2BM3JJB - A cotton mill is a building housing spinning or weaving machinery for the production of yarn or cloth from cotton, an important product during the Industrial Revolution in the development of the factory system.
Although some were driven by animal power, most early mills were built in rural areas at fast-flowing rivers and streams using water wheels for power. The development of viable steam engines by Boulton and Watt from 1781 led to the growth of larger, steam-powered mills allowing them to be concentrated in urban mill towns, like Manchester, which with neighbouring Salford had more than 50 mills by 1802.
The mechanisation of the spinning process in the early factories was instrumental in the growth of the machine tool industry, enabling the construction of larger cotton mills. Limited companies were developed to construct mills, and the trading floors of the cotton exchange in Manchester, created a vast commercial city. Mills generated employment, drawing workers from largely rural areas and expanding urban populations. They provided incomes for girls and women. Child labour was used in the mills, and the factory system led to organised labour. Poor conditions became the subject of expos??s, and in England, the Factory Acts were written to regulate them.
The cotton mill, originally a Lancashire phenomenon, was copied in New England and later in the southern states of America. In the 20th century, North West England lost its supremacy to the United States, then to Japan and subsequently to China.
Description
Keywords: GotonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,gambling,fruitmachine,keep control,control,your,gambolling,addictive,regulate,dangers,of,pokies,machine,18,year,old,bandit,casual,addiction,winners,losers,cash,video,game,games,gaming,FOBT,Fixed Odds Betting Terminals,Players Panel,compulsive,activity,habit,habits,destructive
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2JM9P39 - A slot machine (American English), fruit machine (British English) or poker machine (Australian English and New Zealand English) is a gambling machine that creates a game of chance for its customers. Slot machines are also known pejoratively as one-armed bandits because of the large mechanical levers affixed to the sides of early mechanical machines and the games' ability to empty players' pockets and wallets as thieves would.[1]
A slot machine's standard layout features a screen displaying three or more reels that spin when the game is activated. Some modern slot machines still include a lever as a skeuomorphic design trait to trigger play. However, the mechanics of early machines have been superseded by random number generators, and most are now operated using buttons and touchscreens.
Slot machines include one or more currency detectors that validate the form of payment, whether coin, cash, voucher, or token. The machine pays out according to the pattern of symbols displayed when the reels stop spinning. Slot machines are the most popular gambling method in casinos and constitute about 70% of the average U.S. casino's income.[2]
Digital technology has resulted in variations in the original slot machine concept. As the player is essentially playing a video game, manufacturers can offer more interactive elements, such as advanced bonus rounds and more varied video graphics.
Description
Keywords: GotonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,gambling,fruitmachine,keep control,control,your,gambolling,addictive,regulate,dangers,of,pokies,machine,18,year,old,bandit,casual,addiction,winners,losers,cash,video,game,games,gaming,FOBT,Fixed Odds Betting Terminals,compulsive,activity,habit,habits,destructive,row,rows,machines
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2JM9P4H - A slot machine (American English), fruit machine (British English) or poker machine (Australian English and New Zealand English) is a gambling machine that creates a game of chance for its customers. Slot machines are also known pejoratively as one-armed bandits because of the large mechanical levers affixed to the sides of early mechanical machines and the games' ability to empty players' pockets and wallets as thieves would.[1]
A slot machine's standard layout features a screen displaying three or more reels that spin when the game is activated. Some modern slot machines still include a lever as a skeuomorphic design trait to trigger play. However, the mechanics of early machines have been superseded by random number generators, and most are now operated using buttons and touchscreens.
Slot machines include one or more currency detectors that validate the form of payment, whether coin, cash, voucher, or token. The machine pays out according to the pattern of symbols displayed when the reels stop spinning. Slot machines are the most popular gambling method in casinos and constitute about 70% of the average U.S. casino's income.[2]
Digital technology has resulted in variations in the original slot machine concept. As the player is essentially playing a video game, manufacturers can offer more interactive elements, such as advanced bonus rounds and more varied video graphics.
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Manchester,industry,factory,mill,history,machines,cloth,manufacture,Lancashire,Victorian,mass production,Industrial Revolution,Textile manufacturing,Manchester factory,manufacturing cotton and cloth,cotton yarn,Cotton Mill,Cottonopolis,Inside a Manchester Cotton Mill,carding machine,textiles,manufacturing,system,Lancs,cotton mills,carding,of,cotton,cards,card,machine,machinery,fibres
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2BM3JJK - A cotton mill is a building housing spinning or weaving machinery for the production of yarn or cloth from cotton, an important product during the Industrial Revolution in the development of the factory system.
Although some were driven by animal power, most early mills were built in rural areas at fast-flowing rivers and streams using water wheels for power. The development of viable steam engines by Boulton and Watt from 1781 led to the growth of larger, steam-powered mills allowing them to be concentrated in urban mill towns, like Manchester, which with neighbouring Salford had more than 50 mills by 1802.
The mechanisation of the spinning process in the early factories was instrumental in the growth of the machine tool industry, enabling the construction of larger cotton mills. Limited companies were developed to construct mills, and the trading floors of the cotton exchange in Manchester, created a vast commercial city. Mills generated employment, drawing workers from largely rural areas and expanding urban populations. They provided incomes for girls and women. Child labour was used in the mills, and the factory system led to organised labour. Poor conditions became the subject of expos??s, and in England, the Factory Acts were written to regulate them.
The cotton mill, originally a Lancashire phenomenon, was copied in New England and later in the southern states of America. In the 20th century, North West England lost its supremacy to the United States, then to Japan and subsequently to China.
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Manchester,industry,factory,mill,history,machines,cloth,manufacture,Lancashire,Victorian,mass production,Industrial Revolution,Textile manufacturing,Manchester factory,manufacturing cotton and cloth,cotton yarn,Cotton Mill,Cottonopolis,Inside a Manchester Cotton Mill,1948 Roto-Coner machine,Roto-Coner,RotoConer machine,machine,Roto-Coner machine,1948,industrial,machinery,factories,Lancs,textile,automation,system,spin,spinning
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2BM3JJ3 - A cotton mill is a building housing spinning or weaving machinery for the production of yarn or cloth from cotton, an important product during the Industrial Revolution in the development of the factory system.
Although some were driven by animal power, most early mills were built in rural areas at fast-flowing rivers and streams using water wheels for power. The development of viable steam engines by Boulton and Watt from 1781 led to the growth of larger, steam-powered mills allowing them to be concentrated in urban mill towns, like Manchester, which with neighbouring Salford had more than 50 mills by 1802.
The mechanisation of the spinning process in the early factories was instrumental in the growth of the machine tool industry, enabling the construction of larger cotton mills. Limited companies were developed to construct mills, and the trading floors of the cotton exchange in Manchester, created a vast commercial city. Mills generated employment, drawing workers from largely rural areas and expanding urban populations. They provided incomes for girls and women. Child labour was used in the mills, and the factory system led to organised labour. Poor conditions became the subject of expos??s, and in England, the Factory Acts were written to regulate them.
The cotton mill, originally a Lancashire phenomenon, was copied in New England and later in the southern states of America. In the 20th century, North West England lost its supremacy to the United States, then to Japan and subsequently to China.
Description
Keywords: GoTonySmith,HotpixUK,@HotpixUK,Manchester,industry,factory,mill,history,machines,cloth,manufacture,Lancashire,Victorian,mass production,Industrial Revolution,Textile manufacturing,Manchester factory,manufacturing cotton and cloth,cotton yarn,Cotton Mill,Cottonopolis,Inside a Manchester Cotton Mill,coning,machine,textiles,textile industry,BW,Black and White,monochrome,1970,1960,industrial,machinery,factories,Lancs,textile
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy 2BM3JKG - A cotton mill is a building housing spinning or weaving machinery for the production of yarn or cloth from cotton, an important product during the Industrial Revolution in the development of the factory system.
Although some were driven by animal power, most early mills were built in rural areas at fast-flowing rivers and streams using water wheels for power. The development of viable steam engines by Boulton and Watt from 1781 led to the growth of larger, steam-powered mills allowing them to be concentrated in urban mill towns, like Manchester, which with neighbouring Salford had more than 50 mills by 1802.
The mechanisation of the spinning process in the early factories was instrumental in the growth of the machine tool industry, enabling the construction of larger cotton mills. Limited companies were developed to construct mills, and the trading floors of the cotton exchange in Manchester, created a vast commercial city. Mills generated employment, drawing workers from largely rural areas and expanding urban populations. They provided incomes for girls and women. Child labour was used in the mills, and the factory system led to organised labour. Poor conditions became the subject of expos??s, and in England, the Factory Acts were written to regulate them.
The cotton mill, originally a Lancashire phenomenon, was copied in New England and later in the southern states of America. In the 20th century, North West England lost its supremacy to the United States, then to Japan and subsequently to China.
Description
Keywords: at,Norton,Canes,Service,Area,M6,Toll,-,Shot,freeway,Night,image,long,exposure,Roadchef,English,Midlands,England,UK,GB,Great,Britain,driving,cars,automobiles,great,food,rubbish,services,A5,T6,T7,MSA,JT6-T7,in,Staffordshire,Roadchef,Road,Chef,BP,Fuel,filling,station,blue,hour,nside the main building,the following facilities are provided,Costa Coffee,WHSmith,Subway,RestBite,toilets,and,a,cash,machine.,The,petrol,forecourt,is,operated,by,BP,and,is,located,to,the,south,of,the,main,services,building,Trumpet,Interchange.,gotonysmith,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy CEY9FD - Norton Canes services is a motorway service station on the M6 Toll, in the village of Norton Canes near the towns of Brownhills, Cannock, and Walsall, in Staffordshire, England. It is operated by RoadChef, who has a 25-year lease on the site. The company also uses the site as its head office
Norton Canes services is located on the M6 Toll between junctions T6 and T7, and is positioned so that it can be accessed before reaching the main toll plaza in either direction. It is a single-sided site, unlike a large majority of other service areas which have separate facilities for each direction. For this reason it is possible to do a U-turn at the services
however, it is not possible to avoid the toll in that way.
Unlike most other service areas, where it is illegal for traffic from local roads to use the back entrance to the site, provision has been made at Norton Canes for traffic from the A5 to access the services
Description
Keywords: Clydesdale,bank,ATM,cash,dispensing,machine,Scotland,UK,scottish,independance,independence,soveregn,nation,SNP,national,party,money,monetary,union,issues,problems,problem,finance,financial,vote,voting,20,10,ten,twenty,note,official,currency,gotonysmith legal tender retail,hand,finger,fingers,Buy Pictures of,Buy Images Of
Description: Tony Smith image Alamy DG373Y - While provincial banks in England and Wales lost the right to issue paper currency altogether, the practice of private banknote issue has continued in Scotland and Northern Ireland. The right of Scottish banks to issue notes is popularly attributed to the author Sir Walter Scott, who in 1826 waged a campaign to retain Scottish banknotes under the pseudonym Malachi Malagrowther.
Scott feared that the limitation on private banknotes proposed with the Bankers (Scotland) Act 1826 would be have adverse economic consequences if enacted in Scotland because gold and silver were scarce and Scottish commerce relied on small notes as the principal medium of circulating money. His action eventually halted the abolition of private banknotes in Scotland.
Scottish and Northern Irish banknotes are unusual, firstly because they are issued by retail banks, not central banks, and secondly, as they are not legal tender anywhere in the UK ? not even in Scotland or Northern Ireland ? they are in fact promissory notes.
Seven retail banks have the authority of HM Treasury to issue sterling banknotes as currency. Despite this, the notes can be refused at the discretion of recipients in England and Wales, and are often not accepted by banks and exchange bureaus outside of the United Kingdom. This is particularly true in the case of the Royal Bank of Scotland ?1 note, which is the only ?1 note to remain in circulation within the UK.
In 2000, the European Central Bank indicated that, should the United Kingdom join the euro, Scottish banks (and, by extension, Northern Ireland banks) would have to cease banknote issue. During the Financial crisis of 2007?2008, the future of private banknotes in the United Kingdom was uncertain. It has been suggested that the Banking Act 2009 would restrict the issue of banknotes by commercial banks in Scotland and Northern Ireland by removing many of the provisions of the Acts quoted above.Banks would be forced to lodge sterling.
